Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Burkhart Brückner, Lukas Iwer & Samuel Thoma, Die Existenz, Abwesenheit und Macht des Wahnsinns. Eine kritische Übersicht zu Michel Foucaults Arbeiten zur Geschichte und Philosophie der Psychiatrie N.T.M. 25, 69–98 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00048-017-0164-9

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel diskutieren wir Michel Foucaults Hauptwerke zum Thema „Wahnsinn und Psychiatrie“ von den Frühschriften bis in die siebziger Jahre. Zum einen rekonstruieren wir die globale theoretische und methodologische Entwicklung seiner Positionen im Lauf der verschiedenen Werkperioden. Zum anderen arbeiten wir Foucaults philosophische Überlegungen zum Gegenstand seiner Untersuchungen heraus. Nach der einleitenden Problemstellung zeigen wir entsprechend der neueren Forschung, inwiefern Foucaults frühe Positionen von 1954 (in der Einführung zu Binswangers Traum und Existenz sowie in Geisteskrankheit und Persönlichkeit) das spätere Werk durch eine phänomenologische Deskription des Gegenstands und einen historisch-kritischen Anspruch vorbereitete. Davon ausgehend thematisieren wir die zentralen inhaltlichen und methodologischen Prämissen in Foucaults Wahnsinn und Gesellschaft von 1961. Seine Thesen zur „Abwesenheit des Wahnsinns“ in der Moderne verstehen wir als einen in sich widersprüchlichen Versuch, den Gegenstand der Untersuchung von gängigen Vorannahmen zu befreien. Anschließend situieren wir Foucaults Vorlesungen Die Macht der Psychiatrie von 1973/74 im Kontext seiner machtanalytischen Werkphase und betonen seinen erneuten Standpunktwechsel in den Annahmen zur „Produktivität“ des Wahnsinns als Machteffekt. Abschließend resümieren wir unsere Kritik im Zusammenhang mit der Rezeptionsgeschichte der dargestellten Studien und fragen nach der möglichen Bedeutung dieser Werke für die philosophische und historische Reflexion des psychiatrischen Gegenstandsfeldes.

Schlüsselwörter
Michel Foucault Wahnsinn Psychiatrie Geschichte Werk Kritik

Existence, Absence and Power of Madness: A Critical Review of Michel Foucault’s Writings on the History and Philosophy of Madness

Abstract
This article discusses Michel Foucault’s main writings on “madness and psychiatry” from his early works up to the 1970s. On the one hand, we reconstruct the overall theoretical and methodological development of his positions over the course of the different periods in his oeuvre. On the other hand, we also take a closer look at Foucault’s philosophical considerations regarding the subjects of his investigations. After an initial introduction of our conceptual approach, we draw on the most recent research on Foucault to show to what extent the phenomenological description of the topic at hand and the historical-critical perspective that are reflected in his early writings of 1954 (the Introduction to Binswanger’s Dream and Existence and Mental Illness and Personality) laid the ground for his later work. Moving on to Foucault’s work during the 1960s, we look at the core features and methodological bases of his 1961 classic Folie et déraison (History of Madness). His propositions regarding the “absence of madness” in modernity are conceptualized as an inherently contradictory attempt to liberate the topic under study from the common assumptions at that time. We then situate his 1973/74 lectures on Psychiatric Power in the context of his shift towards analyzing the dynamics of power and highlight the renewed shift of focus in his statements on the “productivity” of madness as an effect of power. Finally, we sum up our critique by taking into account the history of the reception of Foucault’s writings and ask about their potential significance for the contemporary philosophy and history of psychiatry.

Keywords
Michel Foucault Madness Psychiatry History Oeuvre Critique

Asimaki, A., Koustourakis, G., Vergidis, D.
Regulative discourses of primary schooling in Greece: memories of punishment
(2016) International Studies in Sociology of Education, pp. 1-16. Article in Press.

DOI: 10.1080/09620214.2016.1191367

Abstract
The mechanisms of discipline and power within the institution of the school constitute, in part, the relationship between society and childhood. This article traces the relationship between official regulative discourses of control and punishment practices over students in primary school. It focuses on the memories of schooling of first-year students in a Department of Primary Education at a Greek University. The concepts of power, discipline and discourse from the theory of Michel Foucault are drawn on to examine the pedagogical control over primary school pupils. The research was carried out using an open questionnaire in which participants were asked to describe their experiences of school punishment. The key findings showed that corporal punishment is dominant in the memory of the majority of research participants. The reason for the pupils’ punishment was mainly their making noise in the classroom and their poor performance in core subjects of the curriculum. These findings are significant for the sociology of education as they reveal the real and symbolic violence of school life that endures in memories of childhood, schooling and society. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Author Keywords

discipline; power; Primary Education; Punishment

Formosinho, M., Jesus, P., Reis, C.
Emancipatory and critical language education: a plea for translingual possible selves and worlds
(2016) Critical Studies in Education, pp. 1-19. Article in Press.

DOI: 10.1080/17508487.2016.1237983

Abstract
Language is the main resource for meaningful action, including the very formation of selves and psychosocial identities, shaped by practical norms, beliefs, and values. Thus, language education constitutes one of the most powerful means for both social reproduction and social production and ideological maintenance and utopian innovation. In this paper, we attempt to emphasise the invaluable psychosocial, political, economic, and cultural function of language education in order to propose a critical view of the current transition from the monolingual to a multilingual paradigm. We maintain that multilingual approaches tend to serve the neoliberal framework and reproduce its systemic inequalities. Therefore, we argue in favour of emancipatory multilingual practices that could embody a translingual pedagogy capable of promoting the development of capabilities, the recognition of otherness, and the cultivation of diversity. Rooted in critical theory, namely in Foucault’s notion of subjectification and Freire’s view of conscientisation, an emancipatory translingual pedagogy would enable and empower every learner to synthesise a contextually creative field of new semantic and pragmatic relationships. Critical language education would enhance the ethos of biophilia that fosters what we term the poetics of communality and selfhood, that is to say, the proactive commitment to expanding symbolic and existential novelty. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Author Keywords
Capabilities approach; emancipation; Foucault; Freire; globalisation; language education; Multilingualism; philosophy of education; Translingualism; utopia

Matan Oram, Modernity and Crisis in the Thought of Michel Foucault, The Totality of Reason, Routledge, 2017

About the Book

Few studies of Foucault have examined his thought from a sustained interdisciplinary perspective. Through the interpretative prism of the concept of the‘Totality of Reason’, this book suggests an original analytical reading of Foucault’s thought.

This book addresses Foucault’s characterizations of the Enlightenment, asking whether the developmental history of the modern conception of knowledge – from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment – warrants the conclusion he draws. From the perspective of a critical evaluation of Foucault’s thesis on ‘the crisis of modernity’, the book examines whether Foucault, the philosophical and social critic, truly belongs to those intellectual trends known as a ‘deconstruction’ and ‘post-modernism’ that advocate a wholesale rejection of the project of modernity, demonstrating how a classification of this kind contributes to an impoverishment of our understanding of Foucault’s thought.

This book will attract the attention of readers interested in Foucault, and what is broadly perceived to be the ‘crisis of modernity’. It will appeal to scholars and advanced students of sociology, political philosophy and political science, psychology, philosophy, interdisciplinary studies and cultural studies.

Victoria Wasylak, Our Modern Dystopia: Schooltree shake up the rock opera with ‘Heterotopia’, Vanyaland: Music and Beyond, March 29, 2017

Somewhere over time, in between spoken lore and salty Facebook statuses, the rock opera was the en vogue way to recount epic stories. While the trend might have seen its peak of popularity around The Who’s eccentric Tommy, the opus still weasels its way into certain music scenes when some maestro builds enough ambition. For Lainey Schooltree, singer and keyboardist in art-rock outfit Schooltree, the desire to pen a rock opera has been ruminating inside her since she was 13. It just took some prompting from fans to get her rolling — and a Live Arts Boston grant from The Boston Foundation didn’t hurt, either.

[…]

Four years later, Schooltree debut their second album and rock opera Heterotopia this Friday (March 31) at Oberon in Harvard Square. Honing in on the metaphysical journey of main character Suzi, Heterotopia shares some common themes with the rock operas that inspired Schooltree when she was a teenager.

[…]

In the process of writing and recording Heterotopia, lots of high school psychology and literature lessons resurfaced as Schooltree discovered the unique challenges that come with writing a rock opera instead of a “normal” album. When crafting Heterotopia, Schooltree delved into Tolkien, Dante, Plato, and Jung to do research for the plot of the story, while the opera’s title is borrowed from philosophy Michel Foucault’s considerations of utopia and dystopia. Considering the opera’s vast influences, Schooltree describes the Heterotopia as a metaphysical fantasy with romantic and 20th century classical influences.

Sam Leith, In our Google era, indexers are the unsung heroes of the publishing world, The Guardian, Thursday 30 March 2017

[…]
Today, the Society of Indexers – the industry body for those professionals (for which, full disclosure, I have the honour to be honorary president) – turns 60 years old. It celebrates its “anniversary, diamond”. “What?” you ask. “Who?” you wonder. No surprise. Indexers are like badgers: they are seldom sighted in the wild, they do their work in the darkness, and when you see one it’s usually because they’ve been run over by an 18-wheeler.

[…]

Also, which is well worth remembering, a good index is often very funny. Those of us who take an interest in such things – and I think there should be more of us – end up hoarding favourites. Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality (volume two) contains the cherishable “Elephants, as example of conjugal virtue, 17”. A 1995 book on the computer contains a deliberately circular reference (normally an absolute no-no): “Loop, endless: see ‘endless loop’”; “Endless loop: see ‘loop, endless’.” JG Ballard wrote a short story called “The Index”, which was the index to an imaginary book; the late David Miller used it as the index to his anthology That Glimpse of Truth: The 100 Finest Short Stories Ever Written. And as my colleague in the society, Paula Clarke Bain, who blogs about comedy indexes, recognises, the indexes to Alan Partridge’s memoirs are at least as funny as the body text.

Lambert, K., Wright, P., Currie, J., Pascoe, R.
Embodiment and becoming in secondary drama classrooms: the effects of neoliberal education cultures on performances of self and of drama texts
(2016) Critical Studies in Education, pp. 1-19. Article in Press.

DOI: 10.1080/17508487.2016.1238402

Abstract
This article explores the effects of neoliberalism and performative educational cultures on secondary school drama classrooms. We consider the ways Deleuze and Guattari’s schizoanalysis and Butler’s concept of gender performance enable us to chart the embodied, relational, spatial and affective energies that inhabit the often neoliberal and heterosexually striated space of the drama classroom. These post-humanist analyses are useful methodological tools for mapping the complexities of student becomings in the space context of the secondary school. We also show how Foucault’s governmentality and Ball’s theory of competitive performativity are particularly salient in the context of immanent capitalism that shapes the desires of its subjects. These frameworks, when combined, can be useful in critiquing neoliberal educational assemblages and in indicating emerging deterritorializations and lines of flight in teachers and students. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Author Keywords
Becoming; Butler; Deleuze and Guattari; embodiment; Foucault; neoliberalism; performativity; secondary drama

Sellar, S., Thompson, G.
The Becoming-Statistic: Information Ontologies and Computerized Adaptive Testing in Education
(2016) Cultural Studies – Critical Methodologies, 16 (5), pp. 491-501.

DOI: 10.1177/1532708616655770

Abstract
This article examines how computerized adaptive testing functions in relation to learning in control societies. We first document the transition from static and discrete forms of statistical work that characterized Foucault’s disciplinary societies into the continuous, predictive analytics that have emerged as the powerful form of statistical work in Deleuze’s control societies. We then explore the function of information science ontologies in adaptive testing and learning applications from the perspective of Deleuze’s philosophical ontology. Working between these two conceptions of ontology enables us to open a critical space in which to posit the need for an alternative ontology of number in education. Focusing on the case of Pearson, the world’s largest edu-business, we consider how the “datafication” of education is presenting opportunities to exploit information assemblages for profit. The primary focus of analysis is Pearson’s Next Generation Assessment agenda, which focuses on the development and implementation of computerized adaptive testing within a broader digital learning environment. Next Generation Assessment is theorized as an information assemblage that functions according to an axiomatic modeling of numerical data enabling the production and communication of information throughout proliferating data infrastructures in education. We argue that the shift from “becoming a statistic” in disciplinary society to “the becoming-statistic” in control society is facilitating the development of digital learning platforms that risk limiting the conditions for learning in the creative sense of this term. © 2016 SAGE Publications.

Author Keywords
CAT; control society; data; Deleuze; information; ontology

Quentin Molinier, La « French Theory » du spectateur, Nonfiction.fr, 2015

Compte rendu: Christian Ruby, Spectateur et politique. D’une conception crépusculaire à une conception affirmative de la culture ?, La Lettre Volée, 2014

Résumé : Qu’est-ce qu’être spectateur aujourd’hui ? Et quel est son rôle, son destin politique ? L’auteur montre en quoi les réflexions de Gilles Deleuze, Jean-François Lyotard, Michel Foucault, Marie-José Mondzain et Jacques Rancière peuvent nous aider à dépasser la vision désenchantée et nostalgique qu’un certain nombre d’intellectuels continuent d’entretenir à l’égard d’une figure éminente et centrale de la société du spectacle.

En ces temps de festivités cannoises, il n’est pas inutile de se demander qui sont les vrais « acteurs » de l’industrie cinématographique d’aujourd’hui. A savoir les spectateurs ! Sans eux, sans ces arpenteurs intrépides des salles obscures, ni film ni recette et encore mois d’investissements, de débats, paillettes, critiques, polémiques, journalistes survitaminés, stars endimanchées, tapis-rougisées… Bref, pas de spectacle (dans tous les sens du terme) sans spectateurs. Et tant pis pour le truisme, si du même coup on se donne les moyens d’apprécier les qualités spécifiques du spectateur, ce personnage incontournable de la grande fable culturelle moderne, dont chacun de nous adopte un jour ou l’autre, avec plus ou moins d’assiduité, les traits et les postures.

suite

Amelia Melbourne-Hayward, Temporary environments | Architecture Now, 22 August 2016

Illusory Space, oil on canvas, 2012. Image: Jillian Whitmore

Young New Zealand artist Jillian Whitmore explores the intersection between art and architecture with her translucent watercolours. Whitmore will be exhibiting a solo exhibition titled Juncture at the Fine Arts Whanganui Gallery, opening Friday 26 August 2016.

Here, she speaks with Amelia Melbourne-Hayward about her upcoming exhibition, spatial theory and the ideas of temporality within her beautiful works.

[…]
My first encounter with spatial theory was with French anthropologist Marc Auge’s work. He discusses the super-modernity of our urban societies and the ‘non-places’ we inhabit everyday but take little notice of.

I later became influenced by Michel Foucault’s ‘Heterotopia’, architect Lebbeus Woods’ ‘New Spaces’ and urban sociologist Ray Oldenberg’s ‘Third Spaces’. These all had intriguing definitions and ideas of space within the urban environment, and they encouraged me to think deeper about the space we inhabit, how we interact with it and what it might one day become. My art practice fell deeper into a world of spatial theory and I discovered a passion for architecture and futurism.