Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Artificial Intelligence | Beyond right and wrong
News editor, Global News, 1 April 2023

The question of artificial intelligence (AI) concerns me both as a doctor and as a fiction writer. And not only since she promises to take my place in these two professions that I love!

I welcome the recent proposal by AI luminaries for a moratorium on its development⁠, time to let humanity realize what is happening, reflect on it, and Act in consequence.
[..]

The power of medicine also comes from the fact that it alone determines what it looks at, as Michel Foucault has shown.
[…]
In all fields, it will produce as an oracle astonishing and very useful ideas, which will have nothing to do with the human senses, will go beyond the understanding. Without being able to be considered true or false, these ideas will have a profound impact on human life.
[…]
What is at stake is the possibility for human beings to establish a relationship with their world governed by thought.

Tauzer, J., CSR and the Hermeneutical Renovation of Foucault’s Toolbox
(2023) Sustainability (Switzerland), 15 (5), art. no. 4682, .

DOI: 10.3390/su15054682

Abstract
This article aims to examine Foucault’s conceptual toolbox (methodology, conceptual tools, and conceptual meta-tools) in relation to the socio-historical analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and of the corporation. The article has a bidirectional purpose: it aims to use Foucault’s toolbox to analyze CSR, and to use the occasion of applying Foucault to CSR to reflect on the interpretation, critical potential, and adequacy of Foucault’s conceptual toolbox. It starts with some preliminary work: a review and rework of an interpretation of Foucault’s conceptual toolbox by Koopman and Matza. With this interpretationally revised toolbox in mind, it then initiates a Foucauldian approach to the research field of ‘the corporation’ and the sub-field of CSR. Most of the first half of this article demonstrates that Foucault’s toolbox offers a fruitful start to tackling these fields. The second half of the article takes up a counterpoint in the reverse direction, namely that Foucault’s toolbox is not equipped for adequately apprehending the interpretative play and flexibility operating within CSR discourse. This leads to a suggestion of three ways to incorporate hermeneutic tools into Foucault’s toolbox, and to an exemplification of how such toolbox renovation sheds new light on the tactics and power dynamics of CSR discourse. © 2023 by the author.

Author Keywords
concepts; corporation; CSR; discourse; dispositive; Foucault; hermeneutics; methodology

Index Keywords
corporate social responsibility, corporate strategy, hermeneutics, tool use, type of article

Brosnan, C., Tickner, C., Davies, K., Heinsch, M., Steel, A., Vuolanto, P.
The salutogenic gaze: Theorising the practitioner role in complementary and alternative medicine consultations
(2023) Sociology of Health and Illness.

DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13629

Abstract
Research on why people use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) shows clients value the CAM consultation, where they feel listened to and empowered to control their own health. Such ‘empowerment’ through CAM use is often theorised as reflecting wider neoliberal imperatives of self-responsibility. CAM users’ perspectives are well studied, but there has been little sociological analysis of interactions within the CAM consultation. Specifically, it is unclear how user empowerment/self-knowledge relates to the CAM practitioner’s power and expert knowledge. We address this using audio-recorded consultations and interviews with CAM practitioners to explore knowledge use in client-practitioner interactions and its meaning for practitioners.

Based on our analysis and drawing on Foucault (1973), The Birth of the Clinic: an archaeology of medical perception and Antonovsky (1979), Health, Stress and Coping, we theorise the operation of power/knowledge in the CAM practitioner-client dyad by introducing the concept of the ‘salutogenic gaze’. This gaze operates in the CAM consultation with disciplining and productive effects that are oriented towards health promotion. Practitioners listen to and value clients’ stories, but their gaze also incorporates surveillance and normalisation, aided by technologies that may or may not be shared with clients. Because the salutogenic gaze is ultimately transferred from practitioner to client, it empowers CAM users while simultaneously reinforcing the practitioner’s power as a health expert. © 2023 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

Author Keywords
clinical consultations; complementary and alternative medicine; Foucault; patient empowerment; power/knowledge; salutogenesis

Index Keywords
alternative medicine, archeology, article, consultation, drawing, gaze, health promotion, human, human experiment, interview, patient empowerment, perception, physician, physiological stress

Salmenkari, T., Aldawoodi, S.
Papers of the Paperless: Governmentality, Technologies of Freedom, and the Production of Asylum-Seeker Identities
(2023) International Migration Review.

DOI: 10.1177/01979183231154502

Abstract
Refugees become asylum-seekers not only because the receiving country gives them the bureaucratic-legal status but also because they start to identify with the status. This article examines how refugees learn to be asylum-seekers even when they question asylum decisions. It uses Foucault’s idea of governmentality to assess how governmental policies become translated into asylum-seekers’ collective and personal conducts as asylum-seekers, sometimes in ways that undermine the official policy. This article introduces the idea of papered governmentality, in which the production of papers is a governmental technology to manage not only populations but also personal identities and conducts. It investigates how asylum-seekers’ own role in papered governmentality as receivers, producers, and users of various papers in the asylum process transforms their conducts and identities in ways that reshape how they are governed. The empirical research site was an asylum-seekers’ protest in Finland where the first author conducted participant observation about how papers included in the asylum process were collected, read, discussed, circulated, and co-produced. The article finds that when migration control utilizes laws, bureaucratic documents, and other liberal governmental technologies designed to modify autonomous individuals’ own decisions to migrate, it produces not only control but also identification with the host country and some freedom to choose how to act with governmental decisions. © The Author(s) 2023.

Author Keywords
anthropology of documents; asylum-seekers; counter-conducts; governmentality; technologies of freedom

stuartelden's avatarProgressive Geographies

I discuss my recent book The Archaeology of Foucault(Polity, 2023) on the New Books Network with Dave O’Brien (audio)

Dave has now generously discussed all the books in this series:

Foucault’s Last Decade, 21 September 2016

Foucault: The Birth of Power, 6 November 2017

The Early Foucault, 11 February 2022

we also discussed Shakespearean Territories, 18 December 2020

Many thanks Dave!

More information on all the Foucault books, discussions, reviews and research updates here.

The Polity books page is here.

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Di Pierro, M. (2022). Archaeology or interpretation: Michel Foucault and Claude Lefort. Constellations, 29, 434– 446.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12606

INTRODUCTION: LA POLITIQUE AND LE POLITIQUE
On February 2, 1983, during his lecture at Collège de France, Michel Foucault criticizes the concept of the political (le politique). According to Foucault, the shift from politics (la politique) to the political masks “the specific problem and set of problems of politics, of dunasteia, of the practice of the political game, and of the political game as a field of experience with its rules and normativity, of the political game as experience inasmuch as it is indexed to truth-telling and involves a certain relationship to oneself and to others for its players” (2010, p. 159). According to Foucault, le politique is an unnecessary dimension of transcendence that covers the comprehension of politics in its relationship between dunasteia and politeia. The first term indicates the constitutional framework that defines the statute of citizens and their rights, as the rules of the political game. The second, instead, names the actual exercise of power, the political game as it happens, as experience. These two spheres determine what politics is in a democratic society. Therefore, the dimension of the political is not necessary at all and hides politics as actual experience.

Foucault’s text is an explicit attack on the positions of Claude Lefort, who in those same years worked on defining his theory of the political. According to Lefort, le politique shows the structure of modern and democratic society on which the actual rules of politics depend. It is the name of a symbolic dimension, a framework of references, that explains the difference of modern society to the society of the Ancien regime, which is marked by a religious and organic structure. In other words, if an external and transcendent reference founded premodern society, the political is the characteristic of modern societies without foundation. In the latter, conflict replaces an already impossible unity.

[…]

Paul Rutherford, The Problem of Nature in Contemporary Social Theory, PhD thesis, Australian National University, 2000

Abstract
This work examines the ways in which the relationship between society and nature is problematic for social theory. The Frankfurt School’s notion of the dialectic of enlightenment is considered, as are the attempts by Jurgen Habermas to defend an ‘emancipatory’ theory of modernity against this. The marginalising effect Habermas’ defence of reason has had on the place of nature in his critical social theory is examined, as is the work of theorists such as Ulrich Beck and Klaus Eder. For these latter authors, unlike Habermas, the social relation to nature is at the centre of contemporary society, giving rise to new forms of modernisation and politics.

Michel Foucault’s work on biopolitics and governmentality is examined against the background of his philosophical debate with Habermas on power and rationality. The growth of scientific ecology is shown to have both problematised the social relation to nature and provided the political technology for new forms of regulatory intervention in the management of the population and resources. These new forms of intervention constitute a form of ecological governmentality along the lines discussed by Foucault and others in relation to the human sciences. However, Foucault’s work is not sufficiently critical of the relationship between the natural sciences and power. Extending Foucault’s biopolitics to environmental discourse is consistent with his general approach to power, but his incomplete critique of political sovereignty meant that for him agency remained tied to an idealised notion of the autonomy of the human subject. He therefore made too strong a distinction between the human and natural sciences and between power and the capacities of non-human entities, and continued to view the natural sciences as separating themselves from power in a way that was not possible in the human sciences.

A more general critique of epistemic sovereignty reveals that the natural sciences (including ecology) are subject to disciplinary and normalising practices similar to those of the human sciences. Foucault’s key inadequacy is that he linked agency to human autonomy and sovereignty. The work of Bruno Latour and other actor network theorists show that an unambiguous ontological distinction between nature, material technologies and active human subjects is highly problematic. In the place of a separate ‘society’ and ‘nature’, this thesis argues that it is preferable to see these as a single socio-nature populated by the hybrid products of translation networks.

By drawing together the insights of recent governmentality studies and the approach of actor network theory to agency and translation, Foucault’s concept of biopolitics can be adapted to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the ecological programs of government that have emerged around the problem of nature in second half of the twentieth century.

Mulberg, Jon. “The Challenge of Environmental Governance: Ecology and the Need for a Heterodox Political Economy.” The Journal of Australian Political Economy, no. 80 (2017): 129–54.
https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.308610660985029.

Extracts
AThis article will investigate the problem of environmental governance. It will question the scientific status of the discipline of economics, and suggest that economics is best viewed as a form of political governance. It maintains that the discipline performs an ideological function to enable justification of what are essentially political decisions.
[…]

Rather than employ orthodox economics to develop policies on environment, the article will attempt to show how ideas from the green movement, such as discontinuity and tipping points, social limits and defensive expenditures, and holistic approaches as opposed to individualistic methodologies, could be employed in the formation of a Green political economy, which the article suggests is what is required rather than slight changes to current environmental policy. Orthodox economics could be viewed as an example of what Habermas referred to as the ‘scientization of politics’, whereby political questions are reframed as scientific debates, and removed from the political agenda (Habermas 1969: ch. 6). The article employs the work of Foucault to argue that the discipline of economics and the discourse it promotes form part of a power network and are a major part of modern governance. For Foucault it is the discourse which has replaced domination as the main form of contemporary power, and political economy is a major discourse legitimising the social order.

Niesche, R. (2022). The Archaeology of Educational Leadership as an Enunciative Field. In: English, F.W. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Leadership and Management Discourse. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99097-8_4

Abstract
This chapter explores the notions of archaeology and discourse as central aspects of Michel Foucault’s method and considers how these concepts can be used to explore educational leadership. The work of Foucault has been increasingly used to understand and interrogate a number of issues related to educational leadership. However, there has been less writing “using” his approaches rather than simply applying some of his concepts. This chapter considers how one might go about drawing on Foucault’s methods to educational leadership so that a number of overlooked and hidden assumptions of leadership can be critically interrogated and new and genuinely different approaches can be developed for theory building in the field. The power of Foucault’s discourse, it is argued, lies less in the application of his concepts but rather in the methodology to his archival writing and research that can provide new insights and understandings of knowledge formation in the field of educational leadership.

Keywords
Educational leadership, Archaeology, Discourse, Michel Foucault

Translation and the Archive in the Continental Tradition,
A workshop hosted by the RHUL Centre for Continental Philosophy
Royal Holloway University of London

The workshop will take place in Senate House, Central London, on May 19th, 2023
To register for the conference, please use the following link:

https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/translation-archive-and-nachlass-in-the-continental-tradition-tickets-600187185027

We have put together this workshop to explore those aspects of the project of philosophy that are often seen as simply the groundwork or condition for the philosophical project itself, namely those processes of translating, editing, compiling, and those of the archive, both its constitution and consultation. This workshop will explore themes of the nature and operation of these processes in the continental tradition, both in terms of how they constitute the territory of philosophical thought, but also the ways in which the specificity of continental philosophy affects the process of translation, and how these projects of translation have affected the philosophical work of the translators themselves.

The workshop brings together a number of internationally recognised researchers to discuss the role of these themes in their own work, both as translators and editors, and as thinkers.

The workshop will take place in Senate House, Central London, on May 19th, 2023.

Organised by Dr Henry Somers-Hall (RHUL) and Dr Danielle Sands (RHUL) and supported by the Centre for Continental Philosophy.

Schedule

10am-11.10am Dr. Julia Ng (Goldsmiths): “The ultimate undecidability of all legal problems”: Translating Benjamin’s philosophy of law

11.20am-12.30pm Prof. Daniel Smith (Purdue) and Prof. Charles J. Stivale (Wayne State – attending via zoom): “Texts, Lines and Videotapes: Constructing the Deleuze Seminars”

12.30pm-1.30pm Lunch

1.30-2.40pm Prof. Stuart Elden (Warwick): “From the Archive to the Edited Translation: Lefebvre, Foucault, Dumézil”

2.50-4pm Prof. Alan D. Schrift (Grinnell): “The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche: An Editor’s Tale”

4.15-5pm Roundtable discussion

Prof. Stuart Elden is Professor of Political Theory and Geography at the University of Warwick. His most recent books are The Early Foucault (2021), and The Archaeology of Foucault (2023), which examine Foucault’s largely unknown work of the 1950s, leading up to his first major book History of Madness in 1961, and then his work of the 1960s. The research has been conducted with archives in Paris, Normandy, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden and the United States, and is funded by the British Academy and the Leverhulme Trust. These two books continue the work of his earlier books Foucault’s Last Decade (2016) and Foucault: The Birth of Power (2017). His next major project will be a study of Indo-European thought in twentieth-century France, looking at both French and émigré scholars, with a particular focus on Emile Benveniste, Georges Dumézil, Mircea Eliade and Julia Kristeva.

Dr. Julia Ng  is Reader in Critical Theory at Goldsmiths and founding Co-Director of the Centre for Philosophy and Critical Thought. She specialises in the links between modern mathematics, political thought, and theories of history and language in the 20th century, particularly in the work of Walter Benjamin. She is the co-editor (with Peter Fenves) of the critical edition of Walter Benjamin’s “Toward the Critique of Violence” and associated fragments (2021), which contains her new translation of the essay, as well as an edition of Werner Hamacher’s writings on Friedrich Hölderlin (2020), both published with Stanford University Press. With support from the British Academy, she is currently completing a book entitled Daoism and Capitalism, which explores early Critical Theory’s conceptual debts to the Daoist thought that was translated into the German and German-Jewish philosophy, poetry, art theory, and musicology of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Prof. Alan D. Schrift is F. Wendell Miller Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Grinnell College. His scholarship focuses on 19th- and 20th-century French and German philosophy. In addition to over 80 published articles or book chapters on Nietzsche and 20th-century European philosophy, he is the author of Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers (Blackwell 2006; Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Title), Nietzsche’s French Legacy: A Genealogy of Poststructuralism (Routledge 1995), and Nietzsche and the Question of Interpretation: Between Hermeneutics and Deconstruction (Routledge 1990). Most recently, he co-edited Transcendence and the Concrete: Selected Writings of Jean Wahl (Fordham 2016). He was General Editor of the eight-volume History of Continental Philosophy (Acumen Publishing/University of Chicago Press/Routledge 2010), and is General Editor of The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche, the Stanford University Press 19-volume translation of Nietzsche’s Kritische Studienausgabe.

Prof. Daniel Smith is Professor of Philosophy at Purdue University. He is the author of Essays on Deleuze (Edinburgh 2012), the co-editor of the Cambridge Companion to Deleuze (2012, with Henry Somers Hall), and has translated, from the French, books by Gilles Deleuze, Pierre Klossowski, Isabelle Stengers, and Michel Serres. He is the co-director of “The Deleuze Seminars” project (deleuze.cla.purdue.edu), which is translating Deleuze’s seminar lectures and is supported by grants from the National Endowment of the Humanities. He is currently working on a book entitled Technicity and Thought.

Prof. Charles J. Stivale is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of French at Wayne State University. His research interests include 19th-century French novels, contemporary critical theory and cultural studies, and writings of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and he has has authored six books in nineteenth and twentieth-century French and Francophone studies, has edited or co-edited three volumes of studies and six journal issues, has prepared translations of two major works, a half-dozen article, and the eight hour video interview with Gilles Deleuze, published (by MIT Press/Zone) as Gilles Deleuze, From A to Z (2012). He is currently co-director, with Prof. Daniel W. Smith, of the Purdue University “Deleuze Seminars” project, developing transcriptions and translations of Deleuze’s university seminars.