Foucault News

André Duarte, Pandemic and Crisis of Democracy Biopolitics, Neoliberalism, and Necropolitics in Bolsonaro’s Brazil (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

29 March 2023

André Duarte, Pandemic and Crisis of Democracy. Biopolitics, Neoliberalism, and Necropolitics in Bolsonaro’s Brazil, Routledge, 2023

Book Description
In this incisive book, André Duarte examines the health crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the contemporary crisis of democracy.

Reflecting on President Jair Bolsonaro’s misgovernment of Brazil, as evidenced by his political actions, speeches and omissions from March 2020 to September 2021, and using concepts like biopolitics, neoliberalism and necropolitics, Duarte proposes three interrelated hypotheses to demonstrate Bolsonaro’s sharp distrust of democracy. First, that Bolsonaro’s rhetoric, actions and omissions during the first year and a half of the pandemic revealed a dangerous mixture of biopolitical, neoliberal and necropolitical governmentality strategies. Second, that the pandemic in Brazil intensified the damaging side-effects against democracy brought by neoliberalism and biopolitics, once the necropolitical vector assumed precedence. And third, that Bolsonaro’s political agenda is either to revoke the Brazilian democracy by violent means or to implement a façade democracy by slowly distorting it from within, blurring the differences between democracy and authoritarianism.

Conceptualizing democracy as power of the demos and not exclusively as a political regime organized around a definite set of political institutions, Duarte argues that Bolsonaro’s misgovernment of Brazil is related to his antidemocratic viewpoints. Pandemic and Crisis of Democracy is an important book for researchers, students, and anyone concerned about the dangers that surround the democratic experience in the contemporary world.

Table of Contents
Introduction

1. The image of hell: understanding Brazil’s pandemic hell under Bolsonaro

2. Biopolitics, neoliberalism, necropolitics and the crisis of democracy

3. Brazil’s pathway to hell

4. Bolsonaro’s power apparatus

5. Rethinking democracy

Author
André Duarte is a full professor in the Philosophy Department at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. His research interests include contemporary philosophy and political theory, specializing in the works of Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, among others.

Reviews
“This brilliantly written, provocative book offers an original analysis and a poignant critique of Bolsonaro’s Brazil. It is a timely, much-needed contribution to current debates in political theory on the notions of biopolitics and necropolitics, and their relationship to democracy, neoliberalism, and the government of the COVID-19 pandemic.”
Daniele Lorenzini, University of Warwick

“This urgent project brands President Jair Bolsonaro’s pandemic politics as ‘façade democracy’: an authoritarian leader stirring up populist resentment toward vaccines and masks in the name of democratic responsiveness. Duarte painstakingly charts the erosion of Brazilian democracy from within and proposes techniques for democratic renewal.”
Lisa Disch, Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

“This insightful book is an original and important contribution to philosophical and political discussions of the contemporary world. The Brazilian example of Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency, crossed with the global event of the COVID-19 pandemic, is particularly relevant to address not only the situation in Brazil today, but also the authoritarian drifts that undermine the ‘democratic experience’.”
Philippe Sabot, Full Professor of Contemporary Philosophy, University of Lille, and President of the Michel Foucault Center.

Special Issue: Foucault Before the Collège de France (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

28 March 2023

Special Issue: Foucault Before the Collège de France, Theory, Culture and Society, Volume 40 Issue 1-2, January-March 2023

Foucault Before the Collège de France
Stuart Elden
Orazio Irrera
Daniele Lorenzini

Did Foucault Find a ‘Way Out’ of Hegel?
Pierre Macherey

Foucault and the History of Anthropology: Man, before the ‘Death of Man’
Arianna Sforzini

Michel Foucault in the 1950s: Beyond Psychology towards Radical Ontology
Philippe Sabot

Foucault’s Critique of the Human Sciences in the 1950s: Between Psychology and Philosophy
Elisabetta Basso

Foucault as Translator of Binswanger and von Weizsäcker
Stuart Elden

Foucault in Hamburg: Notes on a One-Year Stay, 1959–60
Rainer Nicolaysen

Philosophical Discourse and Ascetic Practice: On Foucault’s Readings of Descartes’ Meditations
Daniele Lorenzini

Foucault on Raymond Roussel: The Extralinguistic Outside of Literature
Azucena G. Blanco

Painting for Fools
Catherine M. Soussloff

Nietzsche, Ontology, and Foucault’s Critical Project: To Perish from Absolute Knowledge
Aner Barzilay

Five Modalities of Michel Foucault’s Use of Nietzsche’s Writings (1959–73): Critical, Epistemological, Linguistic, Alethurgic and Political
Bernard E. Harcourt

Literature and Madness: Madness in the Baroque Theatre and the Theatre of Artaud
Michel Foucault

Linguistics and Social Sciences
Michel Foucault

Foucault’s 1960s Lectures on Sexuality
Alison Downham Moore
Stuart Elden

Michel Foucault, Madness, Language, Literature (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

27 March 2023

Michel Foucault, Madness, Language, Literature
Edited by Henri-Paul Fruchaud, Daniele Lorenzini, and Judith Revel
Translated by Robert Bononno
The University of Chicago Press, 2023

Newly published lectures by Foucault on madness, literature, and structuralism.

Perceiving an enigmatic relationship between madness, language, and literature, French philosopher Michel Foucault developed ideas during the 1960s that are less explicit in his later, more well-known writings. Collected here, these previously unpublished texts reveal a Foucault who undertakes an analysis of language and experience detached from their historical constraints. Three issues predominate: the experience of madness across societies; madness and language in Artaud, Roussel, and Baroque theater; and structuralist literary criticism. Not only do these texts pursue concepts unique to this period such as the “extra-linguistic,” but they also reveal a far more complex relationship between structuralism and Foucault than has typically been acknowledged.

Refsum, C. Event: Or, How Foucault Used Baudelaire to Enlighten Kant (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

25 March 2023

Refsum, C.
Event: Or, How Foucault Used Baudelaire to Enlighten Kant
In Bruce Barnhart, Marit Grøtta (eds) Temporal Experiments: Seven Ways of Configuring Time in Art and Literature, (2022) pp. 15-30.

DOI: 10.4324/9781003328599-3

Abstract
This chapter explores the notion of the event through a discussion of Michel Foucault’s critical view of the enlightenment as an event and Charles Baudelaire’s literary engagement with events. In Foucault’s reading of Immanuel Kant’s classic essay “An Answer to the Question: ‘What Is Enlightenment’” (1784), “What Is Enlightenment” (1984), Foucault argues forseeing enlightenment as a manifestation of a philosophical ethos: “heroizing the present.” This chapter explains how Foucault draws on Charles Baudelaire to explore what such a “heroizing” implies; it argues that Foucault’s view is not fully comprehensible unless we consult other Baudelaire texts besides the one specifically cited in “What Is Enlightenment.” In reading Baudelaire’s prose poem “The Bad Glazier” (1862) it shows that the idea of “heroizing the present” can only be understood as a highly risky experiment where the fragile boundaries between reason and madness, infancy and maturity, good and evilare exposed. Contrary to Steven Pinker, this chapter argues that Foucault is not against enlightenment, but rather in favor of seeing enlightenment as a series of historically situated events. The chapter concludes by examining the ways in which the discourse on “enlightenment” and the “heroized present” is both actualized and challenged in today’s world of predictive technologies and other attempts to suppress the event and the open present.

Colapietro, V. Quotidian Tasks: Habits, Routines, and Rituals (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

24 March 2023

Colapietro, V.
Quotidian Tasks: Habits, Routines, and Rituals
(2022) Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 36 (4), pp. 491-516.

DOI: 10.5325/jspecphil.36.4.0491

Abstract
The author frames his exploration in terms of Michel Foucault’s distinction between the practice of emancipation in the strict sense and practices of freedom. He proposes to treat rituals of attention as examples of practices of freedom. Before doing so, however, he considers the socioeconomic contexts in which such rituals must be situated. Then, he sketches what such rituals involve. In a sense, this article is a reflection on a claim put forth by one of the characters in Toni Morrison’s Beloved: “Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another.” Insights from William James and John Dewey in addition to those from Foucault are deployed to illuminate what is involved in claiming ownership of one’s freed self. Copyright © 2022 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.

Author Keywords
attention; John Dewey; liberation; Michel Foucault; William James

Simons, M. “Changing” one’s mind: Historical epistemology as normative psychology (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

23 March 2023

Simons, M.
“Changing” one’s mind: Historical epistemology as normative psychology
(2023) Metaphilosophy

DOI: 10.1111/meta.12616

Abstract
This article argues that historical epistemology offers the history of philosophy and science more than a mere tool to write the history of concepts. It does this, first of all, by rereading historical epistemology through Michel Foucault’s “techniques of the self.” Second, it turns to the work of Léon Brunschvicg and Gaston Bachelard. In their work we see a proposal for what the subjectivity of scientists and philosophers should be. The article thus argues that their work is driven by a normative psychology: a set of prescriptions for which mental constitution a scholarly self has to have. In the Conclusion, it returns to existing analyses of “open-mindedness” as a virtue and explores in what way these cases challenge these analyses, as well as to what extent Foucault’s “techniques of the self” can be applied to other cases in the history of French philosophy. © 2023 The Author. Metaphilosophy published by Metaphilosophy LLC and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Author Keywords
Gaston Bachelard; historical epistemology; Léon Brunschvicg; Michel Foucault; open-mindedness; virtue epistemology

Weiskopf, R. Dis/organising visibilities: Governmentalisation and counter-transparency (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

22 March 2023

Weiskopf, R.
Dis/organising visibilities: Governmentalisation and counter-transparency
(2023) Organization, 30 (2), pp. 326-344.

DOI: 10.1177/1350508421995751

Abstract
This paper situates organisational transparency in an agonistic space that is shaped by the interplay of ‘mechanisms of power that adhere to a truth’ and critical practices that come from below in a movement of ‘not being governed like that and at that cost’ (Foucault, 2003: 265). This positioning involves an understanding of transparency as a practice that is historically contingent and multiple, and thus negotiable and contested. By illustrating the entanglement of ‘power through transparency’ and ‘counter-transparency’ with reference to the example of Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing, the paper contributes to the critique of transparency and to debates on the use of Foucauldian concepts in post-panoptic contexts of organising. By introducing the notion of ‘counter-transparency’, the paper expands the conceptual vocabulary for understanding the politics and ethics of managing and organising visibility. © The Author(s) 2021.

Author Keywords
Counter-conduct; Parrhesia; Snowden; surveillance; transparency; visibility; whistleblowing

Mapping Philosophy as a Way of Life – An Ancient Model, a Contemporary Approach. Collective project (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

21 March 2023

Mapping Philosophy as a Way of Life – An Ancient Model, a Contemporary Approach

See Seminar Program

“Mapping Philosophy as a Way of Life: An Ancient Model, a Contemporary Approach” is an Exploratory Project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).

Context
Over the past few decades, the idea of philosophy as a way of life (PWL) has given rise to several lively philosophical debates. Pierre Hadot forged the expression to emphasise the performative potential of philosophy and the role it can ideally play in transforming – rather than merely theorising about – life. In his most influential works, Hadot argues that in antiquity philosophy was not simply a set of theories or doctrines, but a practice, an art of living, a way of life that aimed at spiritual progress and transformation towards the good or flourishing life. Even though this conception and practice of philosophy was particularly typical of antiquity, Hadot, along with Foucault, stresses its reappearance in several modern and contemporary authors and describes it as his own ideal model of philosophical practice. Inspired by the work of Hadot and Foucault, recent scholarship has stressed the current metaphilosophical relevance of PWL and argued for the need of recasting this model in the face of the academic, social, political and cultural challenges of our times.
[…]

The project
This project aims to explore the potential of PWL on these two fronts as a condition for further work on the topic and new applications of PWL. The project is divided into three parts, each of which corresponds to an open question in the current debate on the topic.

The first and preliminary phase will be devoted to the conceptual and metaphilosophical analysis of PWL, aiming to determine its distinguishing marks and main differences from other conceptions of philosophy.

The second and longer phase will apply the framework defined in the previous phase and apply it to key moments and authors of the history of philosophy, underscoring and contrasting particular arts of living and practices of self-transformation from antiquity to contemporary thought. Our aim in this main phase of the project is to draw a cartography of different arts of living across the history of Western thought, in order to appraise the hermeneutic value of PWL and pave the way for a comprehensive reading of the history of philosophy through the lens of PWL, as suggested by Hadot and Foucault, and several scholars working in their wake.

The third and last phase will adapt the materials obtained in the previous phase to the wider non-specialized audience and develop a PWL lecture course and five outreach events, in order to experiment the obtained results and evaluate the impact of a PWL approach in teaching and outreach of philosophy.

Outputs
The main output of the project will be the mentioned cartography of different arts of living or ways of life across the history of Western philosophy, which will be published as a Handbook on the Art of Living in a top academic publishing house. Besides that, we will organize a virtual seminar and two international scientific events. The project and its outcomes are conceived as a propaedeutic work to further developments and applications of PWL, not only in the field of philosophy but also in other areas to which philosophy conceived as an art of living might be useful and complementary, such as pedagogy, psychology, and consulting, as well as literature and comparative studies in western-eastern philosophical and/or spiritual traditions.

Team and funding
The project is funded by the FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) and will have a duration of 18 months. It will be carried out by a team of experts in ancient, modern and contemporary philosophy, all of whom have experience with the theme of philosophy as a way of life, including members of the research line on the art of living of the research group Forms of Life and Practices of Philosophy (IFILNOVA) and some of the main interlocutors in the current debate on the topic, in partnership with five consultants and several international networks and institutions currently working on topics related to this project.

CFP: Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault: A Comparison of their Historical Methodologies (2023-24))

Clare O'Farrell

1 comment

21 March 2023

Call for Papers

Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault: A Comparison of their Historical Methodologies
The Journal of the Philosophy of History
Click on the Call for papers menu item

The Journal of the Philosophy of History plans a special issue to explore Arendt and Foucault’s approaches to historical method (broadly conceived) and intellectual history, and, relatedly, their approaches to modernity and ‘critique’ in general.

The status of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault as theorists have never been higher, to the extent that both thinkers now have journals dedicated solely to their thought. Furthermore, scholars have to some extent begun to explore the potential common ground between them, in particular focusing on the different ways in which Arendt and Foucault conceptualize power, subjectivity, and the self. Much less, however, has been said about the possible comparison of Arendt and Foucault’s thoughts on the nature of tradition, modernity, history, politics, and the Enlightenment, or their common intellectual influences – notably Kant and Nietzsche. But drawing the two together makes considerable sense, both for contemporary reasons, and, relatedly, for more scholarly ones.

In contemporary terms, Arendt and Foucault both addressed questions that are of considerable current relevance, notably the impact of technology on the possibility for creating a common ‘world’ for humans to inhabit and make authentic individual choices, and on the conditions that enable there to be a flourishing public space for dialogue. On a more scholarly level, this raises questions which both tackled about how much ‘emancipation’ is possible in modernity and its aftermath – to what degree is ‘authentic’ (political) action still a worthy and plausible goal? This in turn suggests enquiries, undertaken by both theorists, about how to investigate a Western ‘tradition’ that they see as much defined by discontinuity as by continuity – not least to see the degree to which its concepts (such as ‘liberty’ and ‘authority’) can still be fruitfully used, and the extent to which they retain their original meanings. More specifically, this also raises questions about how both theorists conceptualize the Enlightenment: to what extent can it be said that both Arendt and Foucault seek to retain aspects of its modernizing program, while jettisoning its metaphysical commitments and its more naïve progressive assumptions? The following questions may help to sharpen these points:

How far can Arendt and Foucault’s stress on historical discontinuity bring them fruitfully into dialogue? To what extent can Arendt’s emphasis on the ‘breakdown’ of the Western tradition and its implications for history be usefully compared to Foucault’s conception of genealogy? How far can Arendt and Foucault’s approaches to intellectual history be tied to their common interest in Kant and/or Nietzsche? To what extent do Arendt and Foucault try to uphold aspects of the Enlightenment while rejecting its metaphysical foundations? Do the turn of both Arendt and Foucault to ancient Greece reveal commonalities or differences in the way that they view Western history?

Papers (c.8,000 words) are to be submitted by 1st February 2024. Papers will be reviewed by the editor of the special issue and at least one external reviewer. The final revised papers are due 1st June 2024. Guidelines can be found on the journal’s webpage. The special issue will be edited by Dr Edmund Neill (Associate Professor of Modern History, Northeastern University, London).

Potential participants are invited to send abstracts of up to 500 words emailed as an attachment by 1st May 2023. Authors will be notified of decisions within one month of this deadline. Please email your abstract and direct enquiries to Dr. Edmund Neill edmund.neill@nulondon.ac.uk

Suggestions for papers might include (but are not limited to):

Arendt and Foucault on Modernity and Post-Modernity
Arendt and Foucault on the Enlightenment
Arendt and Foucault – Intellectual History and Critique
Arendt and Foucault – Debts to Marx and/or Nietzsche
Arendt and Foucault and the ancient Greeks
Arendt and Foucault on Tradition and Critique
Arendt and Foucault as ‘Conservatives’
Arendt and Foucault on the relationship of History, Social Sciences and other Discourses
Arendt and Foucault on the History of Resistance
Arendt and Foucault on the history of power relations

Michel Foucault, What is Critique? & The Culture of the Self (2023)

Clare O'Farrell

3 comments

20 March 2023

Michel Foucault, What is Critique? & The Culture of the Self
Edited by Henri-Paul Fruchaud and Daniele Lorenzini.
Introduction and critical apparatus by Daniele Lorenzini & Arnold I. Davidson
Translated by Clare O’Farrell, The University of Chicago Press
Forthcoming late 2023, early 2024

This volume is part of The Chicago Foucault Project

Description (adapted from the French).

On May 27, 1978, Michel Foucault gave a lecture to the Société française de Philosophie situating his approach within the perspective opened up by Kant’s article, “What is the Enlightenment?” (1784). He strikingly defines critique as an ethico-political attitude which adopts the art of not being governed quite so much. This volume presents the critical edition of this lecture for the first time. In English, this is a new translation of this important text with an extensive critical apparatus.

This volume also presents a previously unpublished lecture titled “The Culture of the Self”, delivered in English at the University of California, Berkeley on April 12, 1983. This is the only instance in which Foucault establishes a significant link between his reflections on the Aufklärung and his analyses of Greco-Roman antiquity. In the days following this lecture, Foucault also took part in three public discussions with the Departments of Philosophy, History and French at Berkeley – the first two in English and the third in French. In these, he elaborated on his lecture and returned to several aspects of his philosophical journey. These previously unpublished discussions are appearing for the first time in English.