Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Tony Bennett, Habit’s Pathways. Repetition, Power, Conduct, Duke University Press, 2023

Habit has long preoccupied a wide range of theologians, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, and neuroscientists. In Habit’s Pathways Tony Bennett explores the political consequences of the varied ways in which habit’s repetitions have been acted on to guide or direct conduct. Bennett considers habit’s uses and effects across the monastic regimens of medieval Europe, in plantation slavery and the factory system, through colonial forms of rule, and within a range of medicalized pathologies. He brings these episodes in habit’s political histories to bear on contemporary debates ranging from its role in relation to the politics of white supremacy to the digital harvesting of habits in practices of algorithmic governance. Throughout, Bennett tracks how habit’s repetitions have been articulated differently across divisions of class, race, and gender, demonstrating that although habit serves as an apparatus for achieving success, self-fulfillment, and freedom for the powerful, it has simultaneously served as a means of control over women, racialized peoples, and subordinate classes.

Tony Bennett is Emeritus Professor at the Institute for Culture and Society at Western Sydney University and Honorary Professor in the Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University. Among his many books are Making Culture, Changing Society and, as coauthor, Collecting, Ordering, Governing: Anthropology, Museums, and Liberal Government.

Tony Bennett on habit, culture as a way of life, Bourdieu, Foucault, and decolonization – podcast (February 2024) The date is not listed on the site
Interview with Toby Miller as part of his Cultural Studies podcast interviews

Tony Bennett on habit, culture as a way of life, Bourdieu, Foucault, and decolonization

You can read more about Tony’s work here:

https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/ics/people/researchers/tony_bennett

https://www.dukeupress.edu/Assets/PubMaterials/978-1-4780-2498-9_601.pdf

Boland, T., Moore-Ponce, J.
Confessional critiques: Parrhesia and avowal in contemporary anti-racist discourses
(2023) European Journal of Social Theory

DOI: 10.1177/13684310231179150

Abstract
Confessional critiques proliferate in contemporary culture, remodelling critical politics as self-purification. Within Foucault’s work, critique is associated with resistance to power and subjectification, whereas confession appears a technique of disciplinary and pastoral power. However, genealogy creates hybrids, and herein we observe how critique and confession are entangled in contemporary social justice discourses, focusing empirically on contemporary anti-racist texts. These critique their imagined readers and society more generally, demanding confessions, castigating denials and exhorting interminable purificatory self-work. This analysis draws from Foucault’s genealogies of parrhesia and avowal, through his latter works on the problem of ‘truth-telling’ and how it forms subjects, even by critique. Recognising this historical hybridisation of critique and confession within discourses such as anti-racism may help to clarify the political stakes of critique. © The Author(s) 2023.

Author Keywords
Confession; critique; Foucault; parrhesia

Gerardo Ienna & Matteo Vagelli, Bourdieu e Foucault: un confronto critico a proposito dei fondamenti della spazializzazione del potere, Quaderni di Teoria Sociale, V. 2 N. 1, 27 June 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.57611/qts.v2i1.237
Open access

Abstract
Our aim in this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault – two figures traditionally opposed in the French academic field – in order to highlight the areas in which their respective aims and methods partially overlapped. Tacking stock of Bourdieu’s analyses in Homo academicus, we wish to argue that the opposition between the two concerns more the empirical individuals – resulting from the respective disciplinary and academic positionings – than the epistemic individuals. Bourdieu, in conceiving of the notion of social space and consequently of field, focuses on the dimension of power and describes the space of the positionings according to principles which are relative to force relations. It is in these latter that he finds the source of sense relations. Foucault, following a different but complementary trajectory, begins with the analysis of the order of discourse and then articulates its implications on the level of power relations and of subjection and subjectivation practices.

Keywords
Social space, Order of discourse, Power relations

Servalli, S., Gitto, A., Gandelli, F.
Florence flood and the rescue of the Florence state archives: The role of accounting and accountability (2023) Accounting History

DOI: 10.1177/10323732231175711

Abstract
This archival research aims to explore the role of accounting for natural disasters. It is focused on the 1966 Florence flood. Considering the role of Florence in the worldwide cultural context, our attention is focused on the cultural patrimony in the Florence State Archive and on the role that accounting and accountability had in its rescue. The work refers to Foucault’s and Derrida’s concept of the archive and draws on the notion of accounting as ‘naming and counting’ practices. The investigation highlights the pivotal role of accounting in the rescue process of archival documents. Using ‘naming and counting’ practices, the damaged documentation was identified and inventoried and the accountability activities offered researchers knowledge of historical documents not available for investigation. These accounting practices realised the exercise of the power of re-‘consignation’ permitting an invaluable cultural patrimony to be re-consigned to the community. © The Author(s) 2023.

Author Keywords
accountability; accounting; archive; Derrida; flood; Foucault; Italy; natural disasters

Editor: These passages are from Foucault’s original manuscript for “What is critique?” but weren’t included in his presentation to the Société française de Philosophie – the version that was published in 1978 in French and later in two separate English translations in 1996 and 1997. These passages appear in the new edition and translation of “What is Critique?” published in English in 2024.

This quick genealogy of the “critical way,” and its location within the great process of governmentalization, has of course been done with the aim of resituating it within a broader history than simply the Kantian moment, making it something other than the legacy of a particular stream of philosophical thought. But it was also to link it to those elements of religious life that I think have marked it from the beginning:

-Critique as something that [challenges] governmentality (in either its general or particular forms) and its principles, methods, and results, and raises the question of the salvation of each and all: whether salvation means eternal bliss or simply happiness.
-Critique as the suspension of the combined effects of power and truth, by the person who is subjected to it.

[…]

– The roots of critique in the history of Christian spirituality also explain why the critical attitude is not content to demonstrate and refute in general. It doesn’t speak to everyone in general, it is addressed to each and all. It tries to establish a general consensus or in any case a community of scholars, scientists, and enlightened minds. It’s not enough for it to say what it has to say for once and for all. It needs to be heard, to find allies, to have converts to its own conversion, to have followers. It works and battles. Or rather, its work is inseparable from a battle against two orders of things: on the one hand, an authority, a tradition, or an abuse of power; on the other, its complement—inertia, blindness, illusion, or cowardice. In short, it is against excess and for awakening.

In a word, critique is the attitude of challenging the government of people understood as the combined effects of truth and power, and this in the form of a battle which, starting as an individual decision, aims at salvation for all.

[…]

There is no owner or theoretician when it comes to critique. The universal and radical critic doesn’t exist. The critic in himself and of himself doesn’t exist. But in the West, every activity of reflection, form of analysis, or knowledge bears within itself the dimension of a possible critique. In any case, it is a dimension that is perceived as necessary, desirable, and useful; but it leaves one wanting, it’s not sufficient in itself and as a result provokes mistrust and, as it happens, critique.

Beloved and despised critique, mocked mockery; its assaults are ceaselessly attacked by those it attacks, because all it does is attack and because its whole existence is about being attacked.

Michel Foucault, “What Is Critique?” & “The Culture of the Self”. Edited by Henri-Paul Fruchaud, Daniele Lorenzini, and Arnold I. Davidson. Translated by Clare O’Farrell, Chicago University Press, 2024, pp.26-7, 21.

Lorenzini, D., Tiisala, T.
The architectonic of Foucault’s critique (2023) European Journal of Philosophy

DOI: 10.1111/ejop.12877

Abstract
This paper presents a new interpretation of Michel Foucault’s critical project. It is well known that Foucault’s genealogical critique does not focus on issues of justification, but instead tackles “aspectival captivity,” that is, apparently inevitable limits of thought that constrain the subject’s freedom but that, in fact, can be transformed. However, it has not been recognized that, according to Foucault, critique can proceed along two distinct paths. In a key passage of “What Is Critique?,” Foucault states that critique is tasked with questioning truth about its effects of power and with questioning power about its discourses of truth. We show that this “double movement” organizes Foucault’s critical project as a whole, giving it a significantly wider scope and a more complex structure than has been previously acknowledged. At the heart of the above-mentioned bifurcation lies an apparent tension between two contrastive roles Foucault assigns to truth-telling in the context of critique: on the one hand, truth-telling (as avowal) is a target of critique; on the other, truth-telling (as parrhesia) is one of critique’s methods. We argue that combining these two dimensions in a unified account is crucial for understanding and re-evaluating Foucault’s critical project as a whole. By showing that truth-telling remains an essential element of Foucauldian critique, this paper also rectifies some influential misinterpretations according to which Foucault’s critical project seeks to eliminate truth from the picture. © 2023 The Authors. European Journal of Philosophy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Yang, X., Hu, N.
#girls help girls#: feminist discussions and affective heterotopia in patriarchal China (2023) Feminist Media Studies

DOI: 10.1080/14680777.2023.2229967

Abstract
In June 2021, a girl named Du Meizhu revealed on Weibo (Chinese Twitter) of having been emotionally and sexually abused by the top-tier idol Kris Wu. The incident gained publicity over the month and climaxed in mid-July, when netizens started the hashtag #girls help girls# on Weibo. Rapidly topping the trending list, this incident led to heated discussions around the case and women’s social status in contemporary Chinese patriarchy. Yet unlike its #MeToo counterpart, the hashtag had been taken down hastily within hours, cutting its practitioners off from further engagements. In this paper we nonetheless propose a more positive interpretation of the incident. Combining Massumi’s affect theory with Foucault’s heterotopia, we argue that Weibo users constructed themselves an affective heterotopia in the hashtag #girls help girls#. Through an affective textual analysis of the posts in the hashtag, we argue that while vulnerable to censorship, the affective force in this heterotopia is ultimately untameable to the discursive regime, potentially leading to concrete feminist ends. In so doing, we offer methodological insight for understanding online feminist discussions in the particular context of contemporary China, adding to scholarship that transcends the global North orientation in feminist theory and politics. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Author Keywords
affective heterotopia; China; feminism; methodology; Weibo