Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Out of Unmündigkeit – Final Thoughts on Translating Kant on Enlightenment

Extract from a post from James Schmidt’s blog Persistant Englightenment.

Where Foucault Got it Right

foucault5In opting for “exit” I allowed my reason to be guided by one particular discussion of Kant’s essay: that of Michel Foucault. In his Berkeley lecture on the question “What is Enlightenment?” he argued that, for Kant, the concept of Aufklärung

it is neither a world era to which one belongs, nor an event whose signs are perceived, nor the dawning of an accomplishment. Kant defines Aufklärung in an almost entirely negative way, as an Ausgang, an “exit,” a “way out.”5

As I’ve suggested elsewhere, there are a few minor problems with Foucault’s interpretation of Kant’s essay. But they pale in comparison with how much he got right, which means that his lecture has much to tell us both about how to translate Ausgang and, more importantly, about how to think about the question Kant was trying to answer. And, while I’ve have (at last) finished thinking about how to translate the opening sentence of Kant’s little essay, I’m far from finished thinking about Kant’s essay. And I’ve come to think that the best account of why it is so difficult ever to be finished with thinking about the questions that Kant’s answer poses in the one that Foucault offered. I hope to say more about that in future posts.

Qvarsebo, J.U.D.
Swedish progressive school politics and the disciplinary regime of the school, 1946-1962: A genealogical perspective(2013) Paedagogica Historica, 49 (2), pp. 217-235. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2012.725841

Abstract
This article examines the vision of the Swedish comprehensive school reform between 1946-1962 as it pertains to the ever-troubling questions of discipline and order in school. Inspired primarily by the work of Michel Foucault and his genealogical perspective, the article problematises the notion that character formation and school discipline during this period underwent a radical democratic transformation, and that this was the successful result of a progressive political agenda. This account of school discipline is shown to be problematic since it conceals a complex and even ironic historical process, where a disciplinarian discourse in school lingered and even widened and deepened disciplinary practice during the period.

Author Keywords
Foucault;  Genealogy;  Historical theory;  Post world war II;  Power;  School discipline;  Sweden

DOI: 10.1080/00309230.2012.725841

International Conference. Call for papers below in French and English

Colloque International
« Foucault et les religions »

IRCM – UNIL Lausanne
Avec le soutien de

l’Association pour le Centre Michel Foucault.

Proposition de date : 22, 23, 24 octobre 2014

La pensée de Michel Foucault, on le sait au moins depuis la publication de ses cours au Collège de France, est faite de nombreux excursus vers des domaines inédits pour le philosophe du savoir et du pouvoir. La spiritualité antique, l’histoire du christianisme primitif, l’ascétisme chrétien, les mouvements de contre-conduites et la question des marginalités religieuses ou du rapport entre politique et religion, à partir de la notion de « spiritualité politique » qu’il forge suite aux événements d’Iran, l’ont tout autant intéressé que la prison, l’asile, ou l’analyse des discours.

L’intérêt qu’il porte tout au long de son parcours à ces questionnements doit nous obliger, trente ans après sa mort, à ouvrir à nouveau ces dossiers pour essayer d’en comprendre la place dans sa réflexion mais aussi les conceptualisations, ou les problématisations nouvelles de la question religieuse que l’œuvre de Foucault permet aujourd’hui. Qu’en est-il de son usage de la question religieuse ? Quelle fonction lui donne-t-il dans ses montages théoriques ?

Il s’agira durant ces journées de resituer et de discuter cette proximité (mais aussi l’inévitable distance) de Foucault avec la question religieuse, de visiter successivement les différents chantiers ouverts par lui dans lesquels les religions sont, par quelque biais, en question. Le christianisme, certes, mais aussi les religions non chrétiennes d’Occident. On peut relever un intérêt pour d’autres univers religieux : le judaïsme (cours de 1978 et 1980), l’Islam et le bouddhisme zen. De même, il semble difficile d’aborder la question de ce rapport sans mentionner le  rôle  joué  par  la  littérature,  Blanchot,  Bataille  et  Klossowski  (mais  aussi Beckett, Roger Laporte, Sade). Des auteurs qui vont l’amener à réfléchir à la mort de Dieu, à l’indicible du discours et au discours mystique. La question du rapport entre religion et sexualité  est  elle  aussi  essentielle :  chair,  corps,  péché,  plaisir.  Celle  de  la  possession également…

Il s’agira, donc, de cerner la relation qui s’établit entre chacun de ces chantiers sans jamais postuler l’existence d’un unique fil rouge qui conduirait de l’un à l’autre et dont l’existence livrerait le secret de la cohésion synthétique de l’ensemble.

De manière non exclusive, les thématiques retenues seront :

I. La spiritualité antique.

S’appuyant sur une relecture de la philosophie antique, Foucault propose dans ses derniers textes une analytique des pratiques de subjectivation, dont l’herméneutique du sujet n’est qu’une forme particulière. Celle-ci apparaît comme forme de connaissance spécifique qui implique une transformation de soi. Transformation qui peut se faire sous différentes formes et différentes modalités pratiques : techniques de concentration spirituelle, de remémoration d’énoncés, de formation de soi par des pratiques de lecture, d’écriture, d’examen, etc.

II. Religion et Modernité.

Dès l’Histoire de la folie, Foucault questionne notre modernité, faisant de la religion un point de  bascule.  Il  rappelle  par  exemple  que  la  subjectivation  de  l’homme  occidental  est chrétienne, et pas gréco-romaine. Elle tient aussi à la question de l’aveu et de la confession, et de la rupture que cette pratique instaure au XIIe siècle en devenant obligatoire. Il donne dans plusieurs de ses textes une place importante à la Réforme et à la Contre-Réforme qui tour à tour questionnent et intensifient le pouvoir pastoral… On pourrait, à partir de là, chercher à analyser la manière dont Foucault reprend, mais aussi déplace, la question nietzschéenne et wébérienne de la modernité.

III. Religion et résistance.

Cette troisième entrée permettrait, cette fois-ci en s’appuyant sur les textes « mineurs » de Foucault – entretiens et articles de presse – et plus particulièrement ceux produits après son retour  d’Iran  en  1978,  de  reprendre  le  dossier  de  la  « spiritualité  politique »,  et  plus généralement des rapports entre politique et religion que Foucault ne cesse de travailler autour de la notion de « pouvoir pastoral » qu’il forge dans son cours de 1977-1978.

Aux côtés de l’Iran, on pourrait indiquer aussi la Tunisie, le Brésil et, surtout, la Pologne en

1982. Foucault est alors plus prudent pour qualifier religieusement le mouvement polonais – il s’agit pourtant bien à nouveau de spiritualité politique.

L’étude de la gouvernementalité qu’il engage à partir de 1978 lui permettra encore de revenir à  la question plus générale du christianisme comme gouvernement des vivants (techniques d’aveu, d’examen, de direction de conscience). Son histoire stratégique du christianisme pense la question de l’État et des gouvernementalités modernes à partir d’un pouvoir pastoral qui en constituerait comme la préhistoire, la matrice. On pourrait d’ailleurs mentionner le cas des révoltes anti-pastorales.

IV. Les domaines de l’histoire des religions à l’épreuve de Foucault.

La dernière entrée consiste à comprendre quelle est la place actuelle de Foucault dans les champs et les domaines de l’histoire des religions. Ses théories et ses méthodes ont-elles permis  de  renouveler  les  cadres  conceptuels  qui  président  généralement  à  de  telles réflexions ? Est-il un auteur qui, pour reprendre le mot de Paul Veyne, a révolutionné ce champ de domaine, et comment ? A cet égard, la question des institutions et des techniques du contrôle social, centrale pour Foucault dans Surveiller et punir, a influencé non seulement les historiens de la justice, mais aussi ceux qui ont étudié les procédures disciplinaires des Eglises.

On sait qu’il est aujourd’hui un auteur largement utilisé, en particulier pour sa notion de discours et sa manière de conceptualiser les rapports pouvoir-savoir notamment à travers la critique de l’orientalisme. Que dire de son cours de 1980 dans lequel il retrace l’évolution de la théologie et de la liturgie baptismales au cours des deux premiers siècles ? Quelle est, enfin, l’ombre portée de la Gnose dans ses analyses ?

Les personnes intéressées à présenter une communication dans le cadre de ce colloque sont invitées à nous adresser un titre, un bref résumé de leur contribution (ca. 300 mots), en précisant leur fonction ainsi que leur affiliation institutionnelle, en anglais ou en français, jusqu’au 15 novembre 2013.

Proposition à envoyer à

Jean-François Bert : Jean-Francois.Bert@unil.ch

Comité scientifique incluant le comité d’organisation :

Julien Cavagnis ; Jean-François Bert ; Philippe Artières ; Frédéric Gros ; Christian Grosse ; Nicolas Meylan ; Luca Paltrinieri : Philippe Chevallier.

Foucault and Religion

IRCM – University of Lausanne

Sponsored by the

Association pour le Centre Michel Foucault.

Proposed date : October 22, 23, 24 2014

As the publication of his lectures at the Collège de France confirms, Michel Foucault often digressed into domains not normally explored by the philosopher of knowledge and power. He was just as much interested in Antique spirituality, the history of early Christianity, Christian asceticism, contre-conduites movements, the question of religious margins or the relationship between politics and religion, which Foucault built on the notion of “political spirituality” in the wake of the Iran events, as he was in prisons, asylums or discourse analysis.

His career-long concern for these issues requires, thirty years after his death, that we return to these themes in order to understand their position in his thinking but also to identify the ways in which Foucault’s work allows for renewed questioning and conceptualizations of religion. How does he mobilize religion? What function does Foucault grant it in his theoretical constructions?

The conference’s aim will be to document and discuss Foucault’s proximity (but also his necessary distance) to religion, to review the different sites where religion in one way or another plays a role. Christianity, but also Western non-Christian religions. Foucault was interested in other religious universes: Judaism (1978 and 1980 lectures), Islam, and Zen Buddhism. Moreover, Foucault’s relationship with religion may also be studied in light of the role played by literature, with authors such as Blanchot, Bataille, Klossowski (as well as Beckett, Roger Laporte, Sade). Authors who led him to reflect on the death of God, on discourse’s unspeakableness and on mystical discourses. The question of the relationship between religion and sexuality is equally essential: flesh, body, sin, pleasure. Possession as well…

Thus, the conference will attempt to define the relationship between these various sites but without postulating the existence of a unique guiding thread that would necessarily lead from the one to the other and whose existence would yield the key to the whole’s synthetic cohesion.

The conference will be organized according to the following themes (though these are not exclusive):

I. Antique spirituality.

On the basis of his reading of Antique philosophy, Foucault provides in his final texts an analytics of subjectivation practices, of which the hermeneutics of the subject is but a particular form. The latter appears as a form of specific knowledge implying a transformation of the self. A transformation which can take various forms and various practical modalities: techniques of spiritual concentration, recollection of utterances, formation of self by means of reading, writing, examination practices, etc.

II. Religion and Modernity.

As early as the History of Madness, Foucault questions our modernity, granting religion a key role. He notes for instance that the subjectivation of Western man is Christian and not Greco- Roman.  It  is  likewise  linked  to  the  issue  of  confession,  and  to  the  break  this  practice establishes when it becomes mandatory in the XIIth  century. In a number of texts, Foucault ascribes an important place to the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation which by turns question and intensify pastoral power… One might then wish to analyze the way in which

Foucault takes up, but also shifts, the Nietzschean and Weberian question of modernity.

III. Religion and resistance.

This third theme provides the occasion to return to the question of « political spirituality » by way of Foucault’s « minor texts » – interviews and press articles, in particular those produced after his return from Iran in 1978. More generally, it will deal with the relationship between politics and religion which Foucault worked on with the notion of « pastoral power » he constructs in his 1977-78 lecture.

Besides  Iran,  one  might  mention  Tunisia,  Brasil  and  especially  Poland  in  1982.  While Foucault is more careful in qualifying religiously the Polish movement, it is in fact an instance of political spirituality.

The study of governmentality he begins in 1978 allows him to return to the more general question  of  Christianity  as  government  of  the  living  (techniques  of  confession,  of examination, of spiritual direction). His strategic history of Christianity addresses the question of  the  State  and  modern  governmentalities  from  the  perspective  of  a  pastoral  power constituted as its prehistory and matrix. One might wish to mention the case of anti-pastoral revolts in this context.

IV. History of religions and Foucault.

The final theme will explore the position Foucault occupies today in the disciplines that deal with religion(s). Have his theories and methods allowed a renewal of the conceptual frameworks that generally structure reflexions on religion? Is he an author who revolutionized

the study of religion, and how ? Can we trace a parallel with the influence Discipline and Punish and its focus on institutions and techniques of social control exercised over historians of justice and those who study ecclesiastical disciplinary procedures?

Foucault is undoubtedly a fundamental author, his notion of discourse and his way of conceptualizing the relationship between knowledge and power, in particular in his critique of Orientalism, are widely used. Further possible points of interest include his 1980 lectures on the evolution of theology and baptismal liturgy in the first two centuries C.E. and the role of Gnosis in his analyses.

Scholars who wish to contribute to the conference should send the organizers a title and a  short  outline  (c.  300  words).  Proposals must  provide the  name of  the  presenter, position held and institutional affiliation, in English or in French, and should be sent no later than November 15 2013.

Jean-François Bert : Jean-Francois.Bert@unil.ch

Scientific Advisory Board (and Organization Committee) :

Julien Cavagnis ; Jean-François Bert ; Philippe Artières ; Frédéric Gros ; Christian Grosse ; Nicolas Meylan ; Luca Paltrinieri : Philippe Chevallier.

Chris Philo,‘A great space of murmurings’ Madness, romance and geography, Progress in Human Geography April 2013 vol. 37 no. 2 167-194
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512460980

Abstract
Prompted by the 50th anniversary of the first publication of Foucault’s famous book commonly known in English as Madness and Civilization, this essay explores how the book has changed between versions, in the process losing what can be cast as both its phenomenological undertones and a ‘romanticism’ about the truths supposedly revealed by madness. Reasons for Foucault’s own disavowal of these elements are considered, and taken together – conjoining a critical biography of the book with attention to Foucault’s reactions to it – this essay fashions a mirror to hold up to certain currents within contemporary human geography. It is argued that the ‘romantic fantasy’ which permeates the original book, if not overwhelming it, has significant echoes in the ‘romantic gesture’ displayed by some present-day geographers. The older Foucault’s distancing from his earlier romanticism is hence instructive for scholars critiquing the recent history of human geography, but there may also be grounds for claiming that it would be mistaken to lose this romanticism, together with its phenomenological correlates, entirely.

keywords
Foucault
history
human geography
madness
phenomenology
romanticism

doi: 10.1177/0309132512460980

funambulistThe Funambulist Pamphlets: Volume 02_Foucault

By Léopold Lambert

CTM Documents Initiative (an imprint of punctum books + Center for Transformative Media, Parsons The New School for Design)

Brooklyn, NY: punctum books, 2013. 102 pages. ISBN-13: 978-0615832999. OPEN-ACCESS e-book and paperbound/4.25 X 6.88 in.

Publisher’s page You can buy the book in hard copy from this site and download it for free. Punctum adds this message:

Before you start to download your new book, take this moment to think about making a donation to punctum books, a non-profit independent press. Any amount, no matter the size, is appreciated and will be used to keep our ship of fools afloat. Contributions from dedicated readers will also help us to keep our commons open and to cultivate new work that can’t find a welcoming port elsewhere. Vive la open-access.

The Funambulist Pamphlets is a series of small books archiving articles published on The Funambulist, collected according to specific themes. These volumes propose a different articulation of texts than the usual chronological one. The twelve first volumes are respectively dedicated to Spinoza, Foucault, Deleuze, Legal Theory, Occupy Wall Street, Palestine, Cruel Designs, Arakawa + Madeline Gins, Science Fiction, Literature, Cinema, and Weaponized Architecture. As new articles are published on The Funambulist, more volumes will be published to continue the series.

The Funambulist Pamphlets is published as part of the Documents Initiative imprint of the Center for Transformative Media, Parsons The New School for Design, a transdisciplinary media research initiative bridging design and the social sciences, and dedicated to the exploration of the transformative potential of emerging technologies upon the foundational practices of everyday life across a range of settings.

Volume 02_Foucault compiles blog posts by Léopold Lambert (with 2 guest posts by Stanley Shostak and Anthony Vidler) on: Foucault and Architecture: The Encounter that Never Was — The Architectural Underestimation — “Do Not Become Enamored with Power” — “Mon Corps, Topie Impitoyable” — The Cartography of Power — The Political Technology of the Body — Architecture and Discipline: The Hospital — Questioning Heterotopology
09/ Foucault and the Society of Control — Quadrillage: Urban Plague Quarantine & Retro-Medieval Boston — The Inscription of Gender in Our Bodies: Norm Production in Foucault and Butler — Modes of Subversion Against the Pharmacopornographic Society: Testo Junkie by Beatriz Preciado — “My Desire is Someone Else’s Fiction” — The Architectural Paradigm of the Society of Control: The Immanent Panopticon — The Counter-Biopolitical Bioscleave Experiment: Bioscleave, Shaping our Biological Niches (by Stanley Shostak) — Diagrams of Utopia (by Anthony Vidler) — Quarantine and Remoteness: Paranoia and Mechanisms of Precautionary Incarceration — Prison Information Group: Michel Foucault, Jean-Marie Domenach & Pierre Vidal-Naquet

Léopold Lambert (born in 1985) is a French architect who successively lived in Paris, Hong Kong, and Mumbai and currently resides in New York. His approach to architecture consists in a delicate articulation between theoretical research and a frank enthusiasm for design. Such an articulation has been explicated in his book Weaponized Architecture: The Impossibility of Innocence (dpr-barcelona, 2012), which attempts to examine the characteristics that make architecture an inherent political weapon through global research as well as an architectural project specific to the Israeli civil and military occupation of the West Bank. He is also the author of the graphic novel, Lost in the Line. He finds his architectural inspiration from films, novels, and political philosophy books, rather than in architectural theory texts. He is currently collaborating with Madeline Gins for her Reversible Destiny Foundation (created with the late Arakawa) whose philosophical and architectural work is highly influential upon the role of architecture in relation to the human body.

The blog The Funambulist: Architectural Narratives , a daily architectural platform written and edited by Léopold Lambert, finds its name in the consideration for architecture’s representative medium, the line, and its philosophical and political power when it materializes and subjectivizes bodies. If the white page represents a given milieu — a desert for example — and one comes to trace a line on it, (s)he will virtually split this same milieu into two distinct impermeable parts through its embodiment, the wall. The Funambulist, also known as a tightrope walker, is the character who, somehow, subverts this power by walking on the line.

Varela, C.R.
The Romantic Realism of Michel Foucault The Scientific Temptation (2012) Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 43 (1), pp. 1-22. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12000

Abstract
Beatrice Han has argued that the theories of subjection (determinism: structure) and subjectivation (freedom: agency) are the “the blind spot[s] of Foucault’s work.” Furthermore, she continues, as historical and transcendental theories, respectively, Foucault left them in a state of irresolvable conflict. In the Scientific Temptation I have shown that, as a practicing researcher, Foucault encourages us to situate the theories of the subject in the context of his un-thematized search for a metaphysics of realism, the purpose of which was to ground his complementary reach for a possibility of naturalism. In Returning to Kant I now argue that it is this fundamental feature of “Foucault’s Foucault” that drives his returns to Kant, the purpose of which was to resolve the conflicting theories of the subject and thereby solve his Giddensian problem of structure and creativity. Locating the returns and their purpose in the context of my own arguments for the recovery of human agency, I argue that Foucault’s attempts to solve his Giddensian problem led to two unfortunate solutions. In the first return, his resort to Baudelaire’s aesthetic subject is a regression to a pre-noumenal conception of the Kantian subject. With the second return, the reinstatement of the Kantian subject as causally empowered, minus the noumenalism, is nothing more than a reclamation of Kant’s conception. I argue that only a reconstruction of Foucault’s scientific realism permits us to understand that he could have moved beyond mere reclamation to the actual recovery of human agency.
Author Keywords
Concrete person;  Concrete relations between man and man;  Philosophy in science;  Preface to metaphysics

DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12000

Adrian Blau has posted a critique of definitions of governmentality both in Foucault’s own work and in the secondary literature on his blog.

Part 1 deals with Foucault’s own definitions.
Part 2 deals with the secondary literature.

The author welcomes feedback on his remarks.

Extract from Part 1
Foucault’s definition of governmentality is widely quoted but rarely criticised. Yet as I argue in Part 1 of this two-part post, Foucault’s definition is unclear and inconsistent.

This is not a major problem, because his later account is fairly clear and coherent. What is a problem, I suggest in Part 2, is that many scholars are not explicit about Foucault’s initial unclarity or inconsistency, presenting the definition as self-explanatory, and often confusing its components. My aim is not so much to chide Foucault as to warn uncautious readers that many interpreters of Foucault may not have read him closely enough. The same is doubtless true of me, of course, and I welcome efforts to correct my interpretation.

read more

Extract from Part 2
Part 1 suggested that there were serious problems with Foucault’s definition of ‘governmentality’ in Security, Territory and Population lecture 4. Although his use of the term in later lectures is fairly coherent, his initial definition moves between a thing which he does not describe clearly (governmentality), a process or the result of the process (governmentalization), and how it works (a type of power).

In short, two components of Foucault’s ‘definition’ are not really part of the definition, and the key component of the definition is unclear. If you did not already have a sense of what Foucault meant by governmentality, I suggested, you would probably not understand the definition at all!

Yet little trace of these ambiguities is found in much of the secondary literature. The aim of Part 2 of this post is to show how unreliable the secondary literature can be as a guide to Foucault. This is consistent with similar work I’ve done, mostly unpublished, on how unreliable the secondary literature can be as a guide to Habermas. (The published part of that research is here.)

read more

Eduardo Rivera Vicencio,  Foucault: His influence over accounting and management research. Building of a map of Foucault’s approach, International Journal of Critical Accounting, 2012 Vol.4, No.5/6, pp.728 – 756
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2012.051466

Abstract:
The aim of this work is to build a map of Foucault’s approach. To achieve this objective, this work is focused on a broad revision and analysis of accounting and various publications. This work also includes a research on Foucault’s work so as to identify and compare the various manifestations of power relationships considered by different researchers. Once these manifestations of power as discourse, discipline, ethics, government, among others, have been identified, the specific influence of each one over accounting and management is determined as an attempt to provide a general view of this critical Foucauldian perspective over the study of organisations.

Keywords:
Foucault; power relationships; accounting research; management research; environment; power; knowledge-power; archaeological and genealogical methodology; discourse; discipline; ethics; governmentality.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCA.2012.051466

mesh

Michel Foucault, The Mesh of Power, Viewpoint Magazine, 2 (September 2012). Translated by Christopher Chitty
Full article online

We will attempt to proceed towards an analysis of the concept of power. I am not the first, far from it, to attempt to skirt around the Freudian schema that pits instinct against suppression [répression], instinct against culture. Many decades ago, an entire school of psychoanalysts tried to modify and develop this Freudian schema of instinct versus culture, and of instinct versus suppression – I am referring to psychoanalysts in the English as well as the French language, like Melanie Klein, Winnicott, and Lacan, who have tried to show that suppression, far from being a secondary, ulterior, or later mechanism, which would attempt to control a given or natural play of instinct, constitutes a part of the mechanism of instinct, or, more or less, of the process through which the sexual instinct [l’instinct sexuel] is developed, unfolded and constituted as drive [pulsion].

see more

Also
Christopher Chitty, Towards a Socialist Art of Government: Michel Foucault’s “The Mesh of Power”, Viewpoint Magazine, 2 (September 2012)

How surprising the events of May 1968 must have seemed to Michel Foucault is suggested by a remark made to his life-long partner Daniel Defert in January of that year, following his nomination for a faculty position at the University of Paris Nanterre. “Strange how these students speak of their relations with profs in terms of class war.” Interpretations of this remark will reveal a lot about one’s received image of the late philosopher. Among figures of the New Left he had earned a reputation as an anti-Marxist for disparaging public comments about Jean-Paul Sartre, and the apparent heresies of Les mots et les choses (1966). A younger generation of left-leaning intellectuals, activists, and agitators, exposed only to later portraits of the radical philosopher – the author of Discipline and Punish (1974), megaphone in hand, rubbing shoulders with Sartre and other ultra-gauchistes at protests in the streets of Paris – will probably find the confession disconcerting. Is it possible that he was taken off guard by the political sparks that would set alight le mouvement du 22 mars? He did, after all, arrive in Paris post festum, participating in some of the final rallies at the Sorbonne in late June.

see more

Allen, A. (2012) Using Foucault in education research, British Educational Research Association on-line resource.

Michel Foucault is frequently cited in educational research. Care should, nevertheless, be taken when reading work that makes use of Foucault as interpretations of Foucault’s ideas vary almost as widely as the uses to which they are put. This resource, designed for those new to Foucault, introduces some of Foucault’s key concepts and explores the challenges faced when implementing Foucault’s theoretical framework.