Foucault News

Ottavio Marzocca, Biopolitics for beginners. Knowledge of life and government of people (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

17 November 2020

Ottavio Marzocca, Biopolitics for beginners. Knowledge of life and government of people, Mimesis International, 2020

The term biopolitics can be fully understood only within the context of modern forms of governing society. From this perspective, the development of modern medical knowledge, the re-organization of the hospital as a health institution, the growing attention to issues related to population, and the rise of biological knowledge can be connected with the influence of economic rationality on the most important political strategies. In this book, the crucial role that the family has played throughout the history of biopolitics is also explored explaining how it is firstly a place of government of life as well as a means to extend various forms of biopower to the whole society. By analysing the works of key figures in the debate on biopolitics – such as Agamben, Negri, Esposito, Rose, Cooper, among others – this volume offers a systematic examination of this notion also in relation to the current ecological crisis and the pandemic of Covid-19, addressing fundamental problems of political thought and referring to great thinkers such as Foucault and Arendt, Plato and Aristotle.

Ottavio Marzocca teaches Ethical Political Philosophy and Ethics and Politics of the Common World at the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’ (Italy). He has published, among other books: Perché il governo: Il laboratorio etico-politico di Foucault (2007); Il governo dell’ethos: La produzione politica dell’agire economico (2011); Il mondo comune: Dalla virtualità alla cura (2019); Foucault ingovernabile: Dal bios all’ethos (2017).

Foucault on the centrality of work (Thomas Corbin and JP Deranty) (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

17 November 2020

Thomas Corbin and JP Deranty, Foucault on the centrality of work. OnWork Newsletter, 2 November 2020

In recent weeks, our research has focused on Michel Foucault’s contribution to debates on work. Throughout his immense corpus, Foucault never ceased to take work as a central object of his analyses. The History of Madness for instance begins with an alternative account of the new value that work started to take on early in the 17th century, with a shift in the fundamental ethos justifying the condemnations of idleness. These are crucial pages to elaborate an alternative Foucauldian version of the “work ethic” hypothesis. Similarly, in Psychiatric Power, Foucault continues his historical analysis of work into the 18th century, now focusing specifically on “work discipline” and the rising emphasis on the control and management of workers time. The attention and significance Foucault gives to work in his writings is striking and gains yet more weight when we consider his corpus as a whole, over the entire span of his thinking life.

We have collated 84 citations throughout Foucault’s oeuvre in which work is significantly discussed. These citations are organised by publication and complement a collection of a further 133 citations from the secondary literature.

[…]

Richard Horton, Offline: COVID-19—a crisis of power (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

16 November 2020

Richard Horton,
Offline: COVID-19—a crisis of power, The Lancet, COMMENT| VOLUME 396, ISSUE 10260, P1383, OCTOBER 31, 2020

DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32262-5

Open access

COVID-19 is about the politics of the body. In a series of lectures and essays in the 1970s and early 1980s, Michel Foucault (who died in 1984) argued that the discipline of public health emerged with the birth of capitalism in the 18th century. The body came to be understood as an instrument of economic production, of labour power, and so became a subject of significant political interest. Medicine and public health were endorsed as tools to enhance these productive forces, to ensure that people were fit for work. The priority given to the body as an important determinant of mercantilist prosperity ran parallel with a further historical turn—the meaning of government. The idea of government began with the narrow objective of retaining jurisdiction over a defined territory. But in the 18th century, European governments incorporated the idea of economy into their practice. Economy then referred to the family. Advances in statistical measurement brought attention to an entirely new concept for governments to consider—that of population. Governments switched their focus from families to populations as the units on which their political economies depended. Population became, according to Foucault, “the ultimate end of government”.
[…]

A Guaranteed Monthly Check Changed His Life (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

9 November 2020

Sally McGrane A Guaranteed Monthly Check Changed His Life. Now He Sends Out 650, New York Times, November 6 2020

Michael Bohmeyer’s website, “My Basic Income,” has given randomly selected people almost $1,200 a month for a year to see if it improves their lives. His answer: Yes.

Enjoying life is no trivial matter for the slight, serious Mr. Bohmeyer, whose experimental, grass-roots platform has thus far given more than 650 randomly-selected people 1,000 euros a month, around $1,165, for a year, no strings attached, just to test a thesis. Namely, that what people need to thrive in a rapidly changing world is not more money, but more security, and that an unconditional basic income — a monthly sum to cover living expenses that, if implemented, would be paid by the government and received by everyone — could enable this.

The idea has resonated in Germany, a wealthy country that spends about a third of its G.D.P. on a robust social welfare system. In the six years since Mr. Bohmeyer first called for donations “My Basic Income” has raised about €8 million, thanks to 140,000 or so private donations of sums as low as a couple of euros a month.
[…]
He started reading the French philosopher Michel Foucault and reflecting on his own life. “Who am I, how do I want to live? What do I need for a good life?” he said. “Hard questions, but it’s totally cool if you have the chance to ask them.”

He noticed other changes, as well: His relationship with his partner improved. He was more patient with his 2-year-old daughter. His chronic stomach cramps went away. He started to wonder if a basic income, like the one he had, could help other people find more balance and equanimity in their lives, too.
[…]
See also the Basic Income European Network (BIEN) site.

Ethicalisation of higher education reform: The strategic integration of academic discourse on scholarly ethos (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

1 comment

8 November 2020

Falkowski, T., Ostrowicka, H.
Ethicalisation of higher education reform: The strategic integration of academic discourse on scholarly ethos (2020) Educational Philosophy and Theory

DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2020.1740684

Abstract
The article presents the results of an analysis of the academic dispute about the scholarly ethos, conducted at the time of intense higher education reforms in Poland. Previous analyses of the academic debate on the change of the traditional university towards its entrepreneurial organization emphasize the polarization, that is, the criticism or affirmation of neoliberal reforms. The presented research proves that this discourse loses its dichotomous power when it focuses on ethical issues. The analysis shows the ‘polyvalence’ and ‘strategic integration’ of discourse in the Foucauldian sense of the terms. Firstly, the issue of the traditional scholarly ethos is clearly present both among the opponents and supporters of the current changes in higher education. Secondly, both critical and affirmative discourses refer to the traditional ethos, i.e. they do not attempt to develop any new ethopoiesis, which may be surprising especially in the case of the latter. Instead, they use a ‘peculiar reversal’, pointing to factors located outside the university and yet affecting academic standards. Thirdly, individual attributes of the traditional ethos are taken over by neoliberal discourse, which modifies them and adjusts them to its own purposes. The term ‘ethicalization’ of higher education reform describes ethical problematizations of the contemporary university transformation. © 2020, © 2020 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia.

Author Keywords
Academic discourse; academic ethos; Foucault; higher education reform

Foucauldian parrhesia and Avicennean contingency in Muslim education: The curriculum of metaphysics (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

6 November 2020

Abdul-Jabbar, W.K.
Foucauldian parrhesia and Avicennean contingency in Muslim education: The curriculum of metaphysics
(2020) Educational Philosophy and Theory

DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2020.1738918

Abstract
This study examines the Foucauldian notion of “parrhesia” within the context of curricular practices through a renewal of scholarly interest in Islamic metaphysics as represented by the Avicennean modalities of reality: necessity, contingency, and possibility. It explores the role of contingency in advancing educational practices that generate inclusive dissemination of knowledge that captures the language of Tajdeed (legitimate renovation) in Islamic education. This article argues that contingency, as a causality-oriented modality, determines whether meaning is relative or absolute, while necessity, as an acknowledgment of universal truth, slips into demagoguery that can be used to canonize strict textualism and absolutism. Contingency is defined here as a practice that stimulates synthesis and dialogical understanding of knowledge. Accordingly, the study asks the following questions: How does infusing the Avicennean concept of contingency into curriculum practices offer opportunities for inclusivity and free speech? How can revisiting Islamic cosmological modalities help Muslim educators and curriculum writers move into the broader path of inclusive pedagogies? From an educational position, the article introduces a curriculum of metaphysics that advocates the implementation of contingency, which is considered essential to parrhesia and democracy. It also draws attention to an anti-metaphysical attitude that is generally present in curriculum theorizing. Accordingly, Metaphysics is invoked to challenge a state of flux or hegemonized assumptions; hence, metaphysics validates parrhesia. © 2020, © 2020 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia.

Author Keywords
Avicenna; curriculum theory; Foucault; metaphysics; Muslim education; parrhesia

Bosnian Post-Refugee Transnationalism. After the Dayton Peace Agreement (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

4 November 2020

Halilovic-Pastuovic, Maja, Bosnian Post-Refugee Transnationalism. After the Dayton Peace Agreement, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020

This book develops a new concept of post-refugee transnationalism to describe experiences of Bosnian refugees who settled in Ireland after fleeing the conflict in 1990s Bosnia and Herzegovina. The book explores their ambivalent relationship with their host and home countries, Ireland and Bosnia, arguing that their current experiences are best described as post-refugee transnationalism. Post-refugee transnationalism is characterised by Bosnians dividing their time between the two countries rather than permanently settling in either and by engaging in summer migrations and diasporic interconnections and affiliations. The book proposes post-refugee transnationalism as different to other instances of transnationalism by stressing its enforced origin provoked by the conflict and institutionalized by the Dayton Peace Agreement. The book combines Foucault’s biopolitics, David Theo Goldberg’s understanding of nation states as racial states and Giorgio Agamben’s expansion on the idea of potentiality, to develop the concept of post-refugee transnationalism.

Maja Halilovic-Pastuovic is Senior Research Fellow in the School of Religion at Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland. She specialises in the sociology of conflict with particular focus on post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. Her current research focuses on the subject of radicalisation in Europe and Balkan Peninsula.

Chris Philo, Doing space and star power: Foucault, exclusion-inclusion and the spatial history of social policy (2019)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

2 November 2020

Philo, C. (2019). Doing space and star power: Foucault, exclusion– inclusion and the spatial history of social policy. In Whitworth A. (Ed.), Towards a Spatial Social Policy: Bridging the Gap Between Geography and Social Policy (pp. 41-68). Bristol: Bristol University Press.

doi:10.2307/j.ctvs1g92b.7

Foucault as spatial historian of social policy
Heeding the central purpose of the present collection, I position Michel Foucault (1926–84), the French intellectual, as a spatial historian of social policy. Casting Foucault as a researcher of social policy is not necessarily how many see him, but, if ‘social policy’ refers to how different agencies – including formal state institutions and other civic bodies – operate upon ‘the social’ to shape, order or control it, then he can surely be so characterised. In this connection, it is instructive to recall Titmuss’ description of social policies as ‘concerned with the right ordering of the network of relationships between men and women who live together in societies’ (Titmuss, 1974: 28).

[…]

Two visual pieces on the digitisation of Foucault’s reading notes (both open access)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

1 November 2020

Progressive Geographies

I’ve mentioned before the project to diigitise Foucault’s reading notes which are now archived at the Bibliothèque national de France.

Two interesting pieces report on the project. First, a presentation given at a recent conference which gives an indication of how this will look: Marie-Laure Massot, Jean-Philippe Moreux, Vincent Ventresque, “Expérimenter Transkribus sur les fiches de lecture de Michel Foucault”, presentation; abstract

Intervention dans le cadre du colloque de clôture du projet ANR Foucault Fiches de lecture Seconde partie « Editer Michel Foucault (1994-2021) », le 26 septembre 2020 à la BnF, intitulée “Expérimenter Transkribus sur les fiches de lecture de Michel Foucault”. Entre 1994 et 2021, les textes du philosophe Michel Foucault ont fait l’objet d’une édition posthume. Un colloque dont la seconde partie a lieu à la BnF revient sur les questions qui se sont posées lors de cette entreprise de longue haleine. Cette présentation est en…

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Historicizing the smart cities: Genealogy as a method of critique for smart urbanism (2020)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

31 October 2020

Yang, C.
Historicizing the smart cities: Genealogy as a method of critique for smart urbanism
(2020) Telematics and Informatics, 55, art. no. 101438,

DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101438

Abstract
This study explores the utility of genealogy as a method of critiquing the history of the present in the smart cities. Taking a South Korean smart city of Songdo as a point of departure, this paper offers a genealogical understanding of a smart city that situates the current technics and technologies of data-driven urban governance within the broader context of South Korean history. Given the scarcity of a historically informed understanding of a smart city in the existing literatures on smart urbanism, this paper argues that a genealogical method helps us to counter the sweeping binarism that obscures the complexity and diversity of actually existing smart cities today. Through genealogy, this study underscores the multifaceted nature of the smart city, which consists of a combination of multiple urban diagrams that grows out of distinct problems and objectives of urban management – mobility, security, environment, and futurity. This paper illustrates how a smart city emerged out of multiple strings of history and problematizations that are contingently interweaved at a given time and space in multiple and diffused forms. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Author Keywords
Diagrams; Foucault; Genealogy; Smart city; Songdo; South Korea

Index Keywords
History, Regional planning; Data driven, Point of departures, Urban governance, Urban management; Smart city