Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

“Do Not Ask Me Who I Am” Foucault and neoliberalism, The Point Magazine, June 2 2021

We just can’t seem to shake Foucault. The French philosopher, loathed or loved, has not dimmed in significance since his death of AIDS in 1984. In many ways the patron saint of contemporary humanistic inquiry, Michel Foucault’s work remains a source of both inspiration and frustration to scholars today. Conservatives, in turn, have long enjoyed propping him up as a left-wing bogeyman. In a delightfully vitriolic review for The New Criterion in 1993, Roger Kimball seethed, “the celebration of [Foucault’s] intellectual perversions by academics continues to be a public scandal.” More recently, Liz Truss, the U.K. international trade secretary and minister for women and inequalities, caused a stir when she claimed that since the 1980s, schools have made “no space for evidence” because they instead teach ideas with “roots in postmodernist philosophy—pioneered by Foucault” in which “truth and morality are all relative.”

But not everyone on the left is rushing to defend the thinker. In spite of his reputation as a progressive icon, Foucault has always had an at best contentious relationship with leftist politics. Jürgen Habermas, another philosophical great of his generation, once called Foucault a “young conservative,” attacking what he perceived to be Foucault’s rejection of modernity. Jean-Paul Sartre pilloried him as “the last barricade the bourgeoisie can still erect against Marx.”

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Calbérac, Y. (2021). Close Reading Michel Foucault’s and Yves Lacoste’s Concepts of Space Through Spatial Metaphors. Le Foucaldien, 7(1), 6. DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/lefou.90

Abstract
Based on a close reading of the interview that Michel Foucault gave Hérodote, the geography journal newly established and managed by Yves Lacoste in 1976, this article—through the study of spatial metaphors—unfolds the concepts and functions of space used by the philosopher and by geographers. The article proposes an archaeological approach—inspired by Foucault’s thinking—in writing the history of the spatial turn and understanding the role played by geography and geographers in this “reassertion of space in critical social theory.”

Keywords: geopolitics, space, power, spatial metaphor, scale, discontinuity, map, archive

Stephen J. Ball (2021) Response: policy? Policy research? How absurd?, Critical Studies in Education,
DOI: 10.1080/17508487.2021.1924214

Extract from first page

There is no way that I can address the wide range of issues raised in the exemplary collection of papers on policy sociology. These are cutting edge pieces by world-class scholars that lay out analytic possibilities for future work. Perhaps what I can do, very briefly, from the space and time of policy research in which I now stand, and as other contributors do, is to look back and look forward and think against or beyond where we have got to and where we might go next. This does not properly engage with individual papers but rather with some of the commitments and sensibilities they share and hold on to.

When I began to try to engage with something that Jenny Ozga called policy sociology (which she and others discuss in this issue), there was not much in the way of extant education policy research in the sociology of education, apart from Jenny’s own work and that of the estimable Roger Dale (see references in Jenny’s paper), and the studies done by Ted Tapper and Brian Salter (e.g. Salter & Tapper, 1981) and McPherson and Raab (1988) – that drew on a more mainstream political science approach. What I was working on when I read these books and papers was an interview study of actors involved in and around England’s 1988 Education Reform Act, published as Politics and Policymaking In Education (1990). That was a kind of hybrid between my ethnographic sensibilities (from before) and the beginnings of my engagement with Foucault, in an attempt to explore the capture of policy by neoliberal intellectuals and its re-articulation within neoliberal discourses. Further musing on the interplay of these two different orders of account (ethnographic and discursive) led later to a set of considerations of what doing policy sociology might look like: (Ball, 1993, 2015; Tamboukou & Ball, 2003). Apart from Foucault lurking in the background probably the most important influence on Politics and Policymaking In Education and my later work on the shift from government to governance (e.g. Ball & Junemann, 2012) was Bob Jessop (who gets little mention in the papers in this special issue) and his theorisation of new forms and modalities of the capitalist state.

Michel Foucault en Amérique : au cœur de la vallée de la Mort (2021), Par Sophie Joubert, France-Amérique, Mai 25, 2021

Parmi les penseurs de la French Theory, Michel Foucault est le plus connu. Celui dont l’œuvre, controversée, irrigue encore aujourd’hui les travaux de nombreux chercheurs américains. A partir de 1970 et jusqu’à sa mort en 1984, l’auteur de Surveiller et punir et Histoire de la sexualité a entretenu une relation forte avec les Etats-Unis, qu’il a aimé comme lieu de travail mais aussi de plaisir. C’est ce qu’on découvre dans Foucault en Californie, un récit de Simeon Wade récemment publié en France et qui ressort en poche aux Etats-Unis le 1er juin.

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Stuart Elden, The Early Foucault, Polity, 2021.

It was not until 1961 that Foucault published his first major book, History of Madness. He had already been working as an academic for a decade, teaching in Lille and Paris, writing, organizing cultural programmes and lecturing in Uppsala, Warsaw and Hamburg. Although he published little in this period, Foucault wrote much more, some of which has been preserved and only recently become available to researchers.

Drawing on archives in France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and the USA, this is the most detailed study yet of Foucault’s early career. It recounts his debt to teachers including Louis Althusser, Jean Hyppolite, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean Wahl; his diploma thesis on Hegel; and his early teaching career. It explores his initial encounters with Georges Canguilhem, Jacques Lacan, and Georges Dumézil, and analyses his sustained reading of Friedrich Nietzsche, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Also included are detailed discussions of his translations of Ludwig Binswanger, Victor von Weizsäcker, and Immanuel Kant; his clinical work with Georges and Jacqueline Verdeaux; and his cultural work outside of France.

Investigating how Foucault came to write History of Madness, Stuart Elden shows this great thinker’s deep engagement with phenomenology, anthropology and psychology. An outstanding, meticulous work of intellectual history, The Early Foucault sheds new light on the formation of a major twentieth-century figure.

Stuart Elden is Professor of Political Theory and Geography at the University of Warwick.

Reviews
‘Elden’s compendious coverage of Foucault’s intellectual career constitutes the contemporary apogee of scholarship on Foucault.’
Mark G. E. Kelly, Western Sydney University

‘This is a work of immense scholarship. Stuart Elden provides a wealth of contextual information on Foucault’s less familiar early career.’
Clare O’Farrell, Queensland University of Technology

‘Stuart Elden’s comprehensive, finely crafted investigation of the early Foucault is much more than a contribution to Foucault studies. It’s an exemplary guide to writing intellectual history.’
Michael J. Shapiro, University of Hawai’i, Manoa

Jean Zaganiaris, Michel Foucault, le Covid-19 et le «combat immense et multiple des savoirs», iPhilo, 20/05/2021

COMMENTAIRE : La pandémie est l’objet de vives disputes sur ce qui serait médicalement vrai et ce qui relèverait de fakenews. Le philosophe et historien de la littérature Jean Zaganiaris a exhumé pour l’occasion un texte de Michel Foucault dont il révèle toute l’actualité. Sans verser dans le scepticisme, l’auteur de Il faut défendre la société invite à ne pas considérer la fabrique conflictuelle des savoirs comme une lutte entre le jour et la nuit.

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«La généalogie des savoirs […] a à déjouer ce qui au XVIIIe (et d’ailleurs au XIXe et au XXe siècle encore) a été décrit comme étant la lutte de la connaissance contre l’ignorance, de la raison contre les chimères, de l’expérience contre les préjugés, des raisonnements contre l’erreur, etc. Tout cela, qui a été décrit et symbolisé comme la marche du jour dissipant la nuit, c’est ce dont il faut, je crois, se débarrasser : [il faut, en revanche,] percevoir au cours du XVIIIe siècle, au lieu de ce rapport entre jour et nuit, entre connaissance et ignorance, quelque chose de très différent : un immense et multiple combat, non pas donc entre connaissance et ignorance, mais un immense et multiple combat des savoirs les uns contre les autres – des savoirs s’opposant entre eux par leur morphologie propre, par leurs détenteurs ennemis les uns des autres, et par leurs effets de pouvoir intrinsèques».

Michel Foucault, Il faut défendre la société, Cours au collège de France, 1976

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Docteur en Science politique de l’Université de Picardie, enseignant-chercheur à l’Ecole de gouvernance et d’économie de Rabat de 2010 à 2019, Jean Zaganiaris est professeur de philosophie au lycée Descartes de Rabat et appartient à la formation doctorale «Genre, culture, société» de l’Université Hassan II. Il a notamment publié Un printemps de désirs, Représentations des genres dans la littérature et le cinéma marocains à l’heure des Printemps arabes (éd. La Croisée des Chemins, 2014) et Parlez-moi de Littérature, pour un autre regard sur le champ littéraire marocain (éd. Marsam, 2017).

Vanessa Codaccioni, La société de vigilance. Auto-surveillance, délation et haines sécuritaires, Editions textuel, 2021

Injonctions sécuritaires et obéissance citoyenne
Partout dans le monde, les populations sont incitées à se mobiliser pour assurer leur propre sécurité et celle de leur pays. Partout, les appels à la vigilance et à la responsabilité individuelle se multiplient, tandis que les États s’appuient de plus en plus sur les citoyennes et les citoyens pour surveiller, réprimer et punir. Au travail, sur internet, dans la rue, à l’école, au sein de la famille.
Prolongeant ses travaux sur la répression, Vanessa Codaccioni retrace l’avènement de ce phénomène. Elle montre comment de nombreux dispositifs tendent à utiliser les populations à des fins sécuritaires, à impulser des comportements policiers, espions ou guerriers en leur sein et à institutionnaliser la surveillance mutuelle et la délation. Ces injonctions sécuritaires visent à obtenir l’obéissance citoyenne et à légitimer la répression.

Weiss, R.
Stoicism and its telos: insights from Michel Foucault
(2020) Metaphilosophy, 51 (2-3), pp. 335-354.

DOI: 10.1111/meta.12419

Abstract
This essay concerns the disputed nature of the telos in Stoicism and argues that Michel Foucault’s description of the Stoic telos plausibly constitutes an accurate characterization, despite the frequent criticism it has received and the fact that it apparently neglects the important role of nature or physics in Stoicism. To advance this claim, the essay draws upon a neglected set of observations made by Foucault in The Hermeneutics of the Subject, in which the telos is characterized in terms of the elimination of stultitia, or “indecision.” Once we analyze indecision and its causes from the perspective of physics, we can see that indecision is incompatible with the Stoic telos as standardly described, for example as “life in accord with nature.” It can be concluded that the Foucault’s view is not only plausible but is in fact supported by Stoic physics. The essay concludes with a discussion of some possible objections. © 2020 Metaphilosophy LLC and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Author Keywords
care of the self; consistency; Epictetus; final end; Michel Foucault; Seneca; Stoicism; telos

‘I don’t write a book so that it will be the final word; I write a book so that other books are possible, not necessarily written by me’.

Michel Foucault (1994) [1971] ‘Entretien avec Michel Foucault’. In Dits et Ecrits vol II (of 4 volume version). Paris: Gallimard, pp. 157-74. (This passage trans. Clare O’Farrell).

The best books on Foucault recommended by Gary Gutting, Interview by Charles J. Styles. Fivebooks.
Editor: There is no date on this interview

Could you start by saying a bit about who Michel Foucault was?

Well, at the beginning of my Very Short Introduction, I pose this question and give Foucault’s own answer from his The Archaeology of Knowledge: “Do not ask who I am and do not ask me to remain the same: leave it to our bureaucrats and our police to see that our papers are in order. At least spare us their morality when we write.” I think, in fact, that for an intellectual like Foucault, the most important story of his life is the story of the books he wrote.

That story begins—after some initial existentialist stutters that didn’t turn into his true voice—with his great History of Madness, which was followed by a difficult and under-appreciated study of the origin of modern medicine (The Birth of the Clinic). Next, he made his name with The Order of Things, a remarkably ambitious and erudite effort both to rewrite the intellectual history of the West from the 18th to the 20th century and to provide a new way (“archaeology”) to write the history of thought. (The Archaeology of Knowledge, which I just quoted, was a difficult meta-commentary on this new method.) Of these earlier works, the book on madness is the one that I think will best reward most readers coming to Foucault. It’s much more readable than The Order of Things, and far more relevant to Foucault’s later and most influential work on the relation of knowledge and power. The abridged version (translated as Madness and Civilization, with the cuts approved by Foucault) will do well enough if you don’t have the time or patience for the complete text, which runs over 700 pages. This group of books comprises what is often called Foucault’s ‘archaeological’ period, devoted to unearthing the deep structures of past epistemes (roughly: conceptual frameworks).

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