Foucault News

Jayson Harsin, Post-Truth and Critical Communication Studies (2018)

Clare O'Farrell

26 April 2022

Harsin, Jayson. “Post-Truth and Critical Communication Studies.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. 20 Dec. 2018 https://oxfordre.com/communication/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-757.

Summary
While the periodizing concept “post-truth” (PT) initially appeared in the United States as a key word of popular politics in the form “post-truth politics” or “post-truth society,” it quickly appeared in many languages. It is now the object of increasing scholarly attention and public debate. Its popular and academic treatments sometimes differ in respect to its meaning, but most associate it with communication forms such as fake or false news, rumors, hoaxes, and political lying. They also identify causes such as polarization and unethical politicians or unregulated social media; shoddy journalism; or simply the inevitable chaos ushered in by digital media technologies. PT is sometimes posited as a social and political condition whereby citizens or audiences and politicians no longer respect truth (e.g., climate science deniers or “birthers”) but simply accept as true what they believe or feel.

However, more rigorously, PT is actually a breakdown of social trust, which encompasses what was formerly the major institutional truth-teller or publicist—the news media. What is accepted as popular truth is really a weak form of knowledge, opinion based on trust in those who supposedly know. Critical communication approaches locate its historical legacy in the earliest forms of political persuasion and questions of ethics and epistemology, such as those raised by Plato in the Gorgias. While there are timeless similarities, PT is a 21st-century phenomenon. It is not “after” truth but after a historical period where interlocking elite institutions were discoverers, producers, and gatekeepers of truth, accepted by social trust (the church, science, governments, the school, etc.). Critical scholars have identified a more complex historical set of factors, to which popular proposed solutions have been mostly blind.

Modern origins of PT lie in the anxious elite negotiation of mass representative liberal democracy with proposals for organizing and deploying mass communication technologies. These elites consisted of pioneers in the influence or persuasion industries, closely associated with government and political practice and funding, and university research. These influence industries were increasingly accepted not just by business but also by (resource-rich) professional political actors. Their object was not policy education and argument to constituents but, increasingly strategically, emotion and attention management. PT can usefully be understood in the context of its historical emergence, through its popular forms and responses, such as rumors, conspiracies, hoaxes, fake news, fact-checking, and filter bubbles, as well as through its multiple effects—not the least of which the discourse of panic about it.

Keywords
fake news, fact-checking, rumor, disinformation, trust, attention economy, journalism, democracy, political communication, communication and critical studies

Subjects
Communication and Social Change, Critical/Cultural Studies, Communication and Culture, Media and Communication, Policy, Political Communication

[…]
Scholars in the 1990s had begun to discuss popular culture in the context of legitimate and illegitimate knowledges as well as trust in authority, dramatized by TV series such as the X-Files (Bellon, 1999; Lavery, Hague, & Cartwright, 1996). Working on the popular fascination with “conspiracy culture,” Dean (1998) was already speaking of American society as characterized by “fugitive truth” at the turn of the 21st century. A small group of scholars continued to pursue questions of popular knowledges and politics through Foucault’s concepts of truth regimes and subjugated knowledges, with particular emphasis on conspiracy theory and gossip (Birchall, 2006; Bratich, 2008) as well as through Stephen Colbert’s satirical coinage “truthiness,” what is felt to be true (Jones, 2009). However, thus far, the scholarly emphasis on truth, media and politics, dominant and subjugated knowledges and power did not identify a conjunctural shift with regard to public truth and trust and had not begun to explore in depth the multiple, converging mechanisms behind such a thesis.
[…]

Special Issue on Foucault. Revista de Filosofia Aurora. Journal of Philosophy Aurora (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

26 April 2022

Special Issue on Foucault. Revista de Filosofia Aurora. Journal of Philosophy Aurora, v. 34 n. 61 (2022)

Open access
Note: The DOIs might not be working yet. Please follow link above to journal site

Editorial
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.ED01
Léo Peruzzo Júnior; Jelson Oliveira, Antonio Valverde, Cesar Candiotto, Philippe Sabot

Dossiê
La santé au prisme de la biopolitique
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS01
Philippe Sabot

Sobre el estatuto de la vida en el paradigma biopolítico foucaultiano
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS02
Marcelo Sergio Raffin

Neoliberalismo, democracia e constituição do sujeito em Michel Foucault
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS03
César Candiotto

Querer não querer:
A análise foucaultiana da obediência monástica e se índice crítico à biopolitica em tempos de neoliberalismo
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS04
Marcos Nalli

Reflexiones en torno a la crítica foucaultiana del liberalismo en tanto marco de racionalidad de la biopolítica
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS05
Iván Gabriel Dalmau

Biopolítica, Neoliberalismo e guerra às drogas
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS06
Ernani Chaves, Eduardo Neves Lima Filho

Corpos (in)dóceis:
intersecções da vida artista no biopoder
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS07
Renan Pavini

Biopolitics and (in)security in Foucault:
elements for a diagnosis of the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS08
Daniel Verginelli Galantin, Thiago Fortes Ribas

El Hospicio hispano para pobres.
Un tosco inicio del biopoder
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS09
Martín Bernales Odino

Vitam instituere:
biopolítica afirmativa e pensamento instituinte em Roberto Esposito
William Costa

Foucault, Esposito y las posibilidades de una biopolítica afirmativa:
supuestos, tensiones e implicancias
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS11
Sebastián Botticelli

El Dispositivo Biopolítico de mejoramiento humano del siglo XXI:
poder molecular sobre la vida y producción de nuevas subjetividades
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS12
Daniel Gihovani Toscano López

Sodoma y el barón Haussmann
Por una deslocalización queer
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS13
Pablo Pérez Navarro

Políticas de vidas e dívidas:
faces do poder pastoral e da constituição do sujeito de necessidades na Biopolítica contemporânea
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.DS14
Regiane Lorenzetti Collares, Luis Celestino França Jr

Entrevistas
Entrevista com o Filósofo Timothy Morton
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7213/1980-5934.34.061.EN01
Thiago Pinho

A. Colombo, E. Mcgushin and G. Pfeifer (eds.)The Politics of Desire Foucault, Deleuze, and Psychoanalysis

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

26 April 2022

Agustín Colombo, Edward Mcgushin and Geoff Pfeifer (eds.) The Politics of Desire. Foucault, Deleuze, and Psychoanalysis, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2022

In his preface to Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus, Michel Foucault notes that in the late sixties, there is a turn away from Freud anda movement toward what he calls an “experience and technology of desire that is no longer Freudian”. Foucault, Deleuze, and Guattari were interested in, and engaged with this shift and their collective work in these areas spawned a larger post-Freudian literature.

This book gathers contributions from international scholars with the aim of exploring the social, political, and philosophical dimension of Deleuze and Guattari’s, and Foucault’s critical encounters with psychoanalytic thought: Their possible connections, their divergences, the fields of reflection that these encounters open, and the problems and debates that led Foucault and Deleuze and Guattari to engage with psychoanalysis in the ways that they did. In doing so, the main goal of the book is not to engage in a critique of the discipline of Psychoanalysis as such, but to investigate how Foucault’s and Deleuze’s critique of Psychoanalysis gives rise to a political reflection that draws on some of Psychoanalysis key notions. Among these, the concept of Desire is central as it allows us to grasp the different ways in which Foucault and Deleuze politically engage with Psychoanalysis: for Deleuze, Desire is the element through which Revolution becomes possible, whereas for Foucault Desire is a cornerstone of the modern mechanisms of subjection.

Drawing both on new material like Confessions of the Flesh, the 4th volume of Foucault’s History of Sexuality and on Foucault and Deleuze’s main work, the book covers a variety of topics including the contrast between Foucault’s and Deleuze political understanding of desire and pleasure; the genealogy of desire as a way to investigate the historical shaping of psychoanalysis; the relationship between psychoanalysis and the normalizing mechanisms of power (e.g. biopolitics and disciplinary regimes); the ways in which psychoanalysis and neoliberalism come together in particular moments, the status and role of desire in revolt, resistance, and transformation; Foucault and Deleuze’s different approaches to the unconscious; the role of desire in the formation of identity; etc. In the 50th anniversary of Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus, one of the major references that inspires the many chapters in this book, we aim to pay homage to these two important figures of contemporary thought by enriching and opening new lines of thought and problematization of the political reflection on Desire that Foucault and Deleuze developed.

Paul Allen Miller, Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity – reviewed at Berfrois (open access)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

24 April 2022

Progressive Geographies

At Berfrois, I review Paul Allen Miller’s recent book Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity: Learning to Speak the Truth

… As Foucault tells the story, he turned to pagan antiquity because he needed to break from the secondary accounts he had initially relied upon. Foucault scholarship has long grappled with the choice Foucault made to return to much older material, initially based on the published books and a few traces of teaching or shorter publications. Now, with the publication and translation of all his late lecture courses in Paris, as well as lectures or short courses delivered elsewhere, there is much more material available. In Foucault’s Seminars on Antiquity, Paul Allen Miller, Carolina Distinguished Professor of Classics and Comparative Literature at the University of South Carolina, discusses his final five courses in detail. The result is a convincing and nuanced study of Foucault’s engagement with classical texts…

View original post

Ryan P. Deuel, Governing higher education toward neoliberal governmentality: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of global policy agendas (2021)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

20 April 2022

Ryan P. Deuel (2021) Governing higher education toward neoliberal governmentality: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of global policy agendas, Globalisation, Societies and Education, DOI: 10.1080/14767724.2021.1897000

ABSTRACT
Intergovernmental organisations (IOs) have developed global policies that have shaped the practices of higher education for decades. The OECD, WTO, and World Bank have long framed higher education as both a contributor to human capital and a driver of economic growth. Yet, their policy agendas have transformed over time and more recently taken up neoliberal narratives. This paper analyses a corpus of IO texts to demonstrate how these organisations have shifted the governing responsibility for higher education, subordinated higher education to the practice of lifelong learning, and created the conditions for increasing international student mobility. Applying a Foucauldian analysis of discourse and studies in governmentality, this paper broadly explores the complexity of IO governing policies, which have (re)imagined and (re)positioned the purpose of higher education and its role as a technology of government. As global environmental, social, political, and health crises demand globally researched and financed solutions, this exploration of IO policy is a necessary step in the work of reimaging the future practices of higher education.

KEYWORDS: Higher education, governmentality, governance, knowledge economy, lifelong learning

Peter Triantafillou, Biopower in the age of the pandemic: the politics of COVID-19 in Denmark (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

19 April 2022

Peter Triantafillou (2022) Biopower in the age of the pandemic: the politics of COVID-19 in Denmark, European Societies, DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2022.2061553

ABSTRACT
The exceptional forms of state power mobilized under COVID-19 have attracted scholarly attraction and created important insights on the pandemic politics. However, it seems that the current understanding tends to regard the states’ responses as a zero-sum game between two powers only, a game in which liberal rule in varying degrees is traded for raw sovereign power. Inspired by the notion of biopower, this article aims to provide a more nuanced account of the various powers invoked to handle the pandemic. Based on the case of Denmark, it is argued that three forms of power were mobilized: sovereignty, discipline and security mechanisms. Yet, indirect security mechanisms informed by epidemiological knowledge and modelling have played a far more comprehensive role than the two other power mechanisms. In a complex interaction with epidemiological expertize, liberal governmentalities limited the mobilization of sovereignty and discipline and, instead, tended to endorse indirect security mechanisms.

KEYWORDS:
Biopolitics, state power, pandemics, epidemiological regulations, Foucault

Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas, Theory of Power Marx, Foucault, Neo-Zapatismo (2021)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

19 April 2022

Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas, Theory of Power. Marx, Foucault, Neo-Zapatismo, Peter Lang, 2021

Summary
The subject of power (singular) and multiple social powers (plural) is unquestionably central to contemporary societies all over the globe. Growing stronger and expanding farther all the time, the world’s anti-systemic movements have been forced to address this issue—the nature of power and powers—as among their most pressing debates. In the process, these movements have also been forced to consider the best possible strategy for confronting them. Should they seize political power, even if they run the risk of simply reproducing it? Should they destroy it altogether? Is it enough to destroy political power while economic, ideological, military, and religious powers remain untouched? And what is the most effective anti-capitalist and anti-systemic way to confront, defeat, and overcome the many different powers found in all present-day societies on Earth? To answer such questions, among others, this book discusses the rich, complex contributions of Karl Marx, Michel Foucault, and neo-Zapatismo to a complicated and essential subject: the theory of power.

Ryan P. Deuel, International education as an ethical practice: cultivating a care of the self (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

18 April 2022

Ryan P. Deuel (2022) International education as an ethical practice: cultivating a care of the self, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education,
DOI: 10.1080/01596306.2022.2050677

ABSTRACT
Various critical approaches tend to view international student mobility within economic and political frameworks, while governmentality studies focuses on the governing practices that shape individual conduct and govern populations. Yet, these approaches often overlook another crucial element, the ethical relationship individuals have to themselves. Considering the relationship international students have to truth, power, and subjugating techniques of the self acknowledges both the coercive and the constitutive elements of international education and student mobility. It allows for new understandings of identity-making and self-formation during students’ international experiences. This conceptual paper proposes the development of an analytical framework based on Foucauldian ethics for (re)conceptualizing international students as active agents in the construction of their own identity rather than caught up in their own subjugation. This novel approach suggests a move toward ethical internationalization practices, which emphasize reflexive self-formation and the exercise of democratic practices over division, control, and competition.

KEYWORDS: Internationalization, international student mobility, ethics, identity-making

Deuel, R.P. Governing the Discourse of Internationalization in the USA: The Influence of Higher Education Professional Associations (2021)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

17 April 2022

Deuel, R.P. Governing the Discourse of Internationalization in the USA: The Influence of Higher Education Professional Associations. Higher Education Policy (2021). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-021-00237-x

Abstract
Higher education professional associations (HEPAs) are well-established agents of knowledge production and have been influential in shaping higher education policies and practices. In the context of US international higher education, HEPAs have contributed to the rise of ‘internationalization’ as a discursive practice. Proposing an analytical framework that takes up Foucauldian analysis of discourse and studies in governmentality, this paper examines a corpus of ACE and NAFSA reports in order to trace the emergence of internationalization and its lines of transformation as both a regime of truth and a regime of practice in the context of US higher education over the last 30 or so years. The findings of this study illustrate that since its emergence in the 1980s, HEPAs have participated in the transformation of internationalization from a discourse of exchange to a discourse of competition.

Gary Gerstle, The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, America and the World in the Free Market Era (2022)

Clare O'Farrell

no comments

16 April 2022

Gary Gerstle, The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, America and the World in the Free Market Era, Oxford University Press (2022)

Description
The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left.

The epochal shift toward neoliberalism-a web of related policies that, broadly speaking, reduced the footprint of government in society and reassigned economic power to private market forces-that began in the United States and Great Britain in the late 1970s fundamentally changed the world. Today, the word “neoliberal” is often used to condemn a broad swath of policies, from prizing free market principles over people to advancing privatization programs in developing nations around the world.

To be sure, neoliberalism has contributed to a number of alarming trends, not least of which has been a massive growth in income inequality. Yet as the eminent historian Gary Gerstle argues in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, these indictments fail to reckon with the full contours of what neoliberalism was and why its worldview had such persuasive hold on both the right and the left for three decades. As he shows, the neoliberal order that emerged in America in the 1970s fused ideas of deregulation with personal freedoms, open borders with cosmopolitanism, and globalization with the promise of increased prosperity for all. Along with tracing how this worldview emerged in America and grew to dominate the world, Gerstle explores the previously unrecognized extent to which its triumph was facilitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist allies. He is also the first to chart the story of the neoliberal order’s fall, originating in the failed reconstruction of Iraq and Great Recession of the Bush years and culminating in the rise of Trump and a reinvigorated Bernie Sanders-led American left in the 2010s.

An indispensable and sweeping re-interpretation of the last fifty years, this book illuminates how the ideology of neoliberalism became so infused in the daily life of an era, while probing what remains of that ideology and its political programs as America enters an uncertain future.

Gary Gerstle is Paul Mellon Professor of American History Emeritus and Paul Mellon Director of Research at the University of Cambridge. He is the author and editor of more than ten books, including two prizewinners, American Crucible (2017) and Liberty and Coercion (2015). He is a Guardian columnist and has also written for the Atlantic Monthly, the New Statesman, Dissent, The Nation, and Die Zeit, among others. He frequently appears on BBC Radio 4, BBC World Service, ITV 4, Talking Politics, and NPR.