Abdul-Jabbar, W.K. Foucauldian parrhesia and Avicennean contingency in Muslim education: The curriculum of metaphysics (2020) Educational Philosophy and Theory DOI: 10.1080/00131857.2020.1738918 Abstract This study examines the Foucauldian notion of “parrhesia” within the context of curricular practices through a renewal of scholarly interest in Islamic metaphysics as represented by the Avicennean modalities of reality: necessity, contingency, …