Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Goldhill, S.
Beyond Michel Foucault, Beyond Peter Brown: What Did Early Christianity Destroy? (2024) Arethusa, 57 (2), pp. 193-225.

DOI: 10.1353/are.2024.a934133

Abstract
This article argues that the focus on sexuality and the body in early Christianity, prompted by the seminal work of Peter Brown and Michel Foucault, has obscured a truly major and profound shift brought about by Christian thinking in late antiquity. This concerns the very construction and evaluation of the notion of nature and the natural world. It is well known that Greek and Roman thinking conceptualized man’s place in the order of things through a tripartite systematization of man, beast, and god, and that consequently through rituals such as sacrifice, epics such as the Odyssey, or normative texts of husbandry such as agricultural manuals, self-understanding of humanity is triangulated through a care for nature and a recognition of the divine. Similar structures are evident in early Jewish writing too. But in early Christianity, there is a turn away from care for nature and seeing man’s place as integrally embedded in an agricultural world. In contrast to the book of Jonah or the Talmud—where care for animals is expressly a source of divinely given regulation—St Paul can ask: “Surely God does not care for oxen?” There is a corollary absence of Christian agricultural manuals, and repeatedly Christian writing privileges the anchorite, the ascetic, the sage who, like the lily of the fields, do not work the land. Animals are present in parables and metaphors—but are absent from Christian care or regulation. This article considers how the normative discourses of nature are redrafted within Christianity and its subsequent impact on the ideas of ecology—and on the possibilities of eco-criticism for classics. © 2024 by Johns Hopkins University Press.

Author Keywords
Nonnus; Και φύσις αψ εγέλασε,; “And nature laughed again.”

Leonard D’Cruz, The Normative Stakes of Foucault’s Engagement with Neoliberalism: Seduction, Invention, and Normalization, The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12589

Open access

Abstract:
This article critically examines Foucault’s engagement with neoliberalism. While Foucault declares that his analysis of this tradition is primarily descriptive, I argue that he continually questions whether neoliberalism is less disciplinary and biopolitically normalizing than traditional forms of liberalism. Although Foucault does not endorse neoliberalism as a prescriptive solution to these problems of normalization, his interest in such problems is consistent with his tendency to privilege freedom over other values like justice and equality. This helps to clarify the normative stakes of Foucault’s analysis while rejecting any suggestion that he was invested in neoliberalism as a comprehensive political program. Indeed, I repudiate the claim that he was “seduced” by neoliberalism. Furthermore, I reject the idea that he was trying to “invent” a distinctively socialist governmentality through the prism of neoliberalism. Finally, I consider the broader significance of this discussion for normative political philosophy.

Boucheron, Patrick. Of What Is History Capable?. Translated by Liz Libbrecht, Collège de France, Open edition books, 2018
https://doi.org/10.4000/books.cdf.5852

Open access

Extracts
We need history because we need rest: a pause to rest our consciousness, so that the possibility of a consciousness may remain – as the seat not only of thought, but of practical reason, affording full latitude for action. Saving the past, saving time from the frenzy of the present: the poets devote themselves to this with exactitude. For this purpose we must work to weaken ourselves, to make ourselves idle, to make inoperative this endangering of temporality that wrecks experience and despises childhood. “Surprise the catastrophe”, said Victor Hugo. Or, as Walter Benjamin put it, throw oneself against the slow oncoming disaster that is more a continuation than a sudden rupture.

[…]

Not taking the floor, but preparing to become the one from whom speech emanates, allowing oneself to be enveloped, traversed, by it, “a slender gap – the point of its possible disappearance”.3 I read and reread these unforgettable pages from L’Ordre du discours (“The Order of Discourse”) by Michel Foucault, understanding that this order is all the more imperious insofar as it does not need to state its commandments. I read and reread them, feverishly, for I find in them an ever fiery warning that enables us to protect ourselves against the violence of the word, not to allow ourselves to be intoxicated by its unjust power. “What, then, is so perilous in the fact that people speak, and that their discourse proliferates to infinity? Where is the danger in that?”4 This is the only valid question today, for it demands an answer that may well surprise us, offend us, and be distasteful to us. For the greatest dangers are both those that announce themselves noisily, and those, less noticeable, that we could hasten in wanting to avoid them.

Elmore, M.
Mysticism as Counter-Conduct: A Foucauldian Retrieval of Dante and St. Catherine of Siena (2024) Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics, 44 (1), pp. 137-154.

DOI: 10.5840/jsce2024319100

Abstract
This essay draws upon Dante and St. Catherine of Siena to flesh out the Foucauldian concept of counter-conduct. Dante and Catherine occupy an important place in early modern history, challenging the designs of medieval pastoral power by embodying a new, secular mixture of the active and the contemplative life. This essay, with Foucault as a guide, suggests that they offer us another way to be modern, a path of self-cultivation surpassing modern norms for nature, the self, and the project of rational knowledge. © Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics.

Lars Erik Løvaas Gjerde, Antiracist welfarism: A governmentality study of Norwegian state antiracism, Nordic Journal of Social Research, 24 September 2024, pp 1–14

https://doi.org/10.18261/njsr.15.1.5

Open access

Abstract
This article analyses Norwegian state antiracism and how this relates to welfarism, the political rationality of the welfare state. Using a Foucauldian governmentality approach, the author studies governmental papers where the Norwegian state problematizes racism, rendering this phenomenon governable. While not reducing antiracism to welfarism, the author analyses the interweaving of welfarist and antiracist reasoning. The Norwegian state problematizes how the effects of racism contradict various typical welfarist objectives, related to equality, community, health and well-being. This way, welfarism in Norway manifests in antiracist reasoning, as racism must be countered for these welfarist objectives to be met. This article invites scholars, on the question of (anti)racism, to take the state’s complex and potentially contradictory stances to such questions seriously, in ways that include investigating the antiracist potential of welfarism as a political rationality, and the welfare state as a political institution.

Keywords
antiracism biopower biopolitics Foucault governmentality welfarism

Ege Selin Islekel, Nightmare Remains. The Politics of Mourning and Epistemologies of Disappearance, Northwestern University Press, 2024

Offering a political epistemology of collective mourning

Focusing on forms of improper burial in Turkey and Latin America, Ege Selin Islekel argues that a political technology of mourning is fundamental to contemporary politics. This technology of necrosovereignty shapes not only individuals’ and populations’ lives but also their epistemic and political afterlives. Local practices of mourning, however, contain resistant capacities, opening alternative ways of knowing, remembering, and assembling. “Nightmare knowledges,” Islekel posits, are resistant modes of knowing tied up with grief that challenge the contemporary politics of death and those politics’ archival boundaries. Seen in mothers’ movements across the globe, from the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo of Argentina to the Saturday Mothers of Turkey, nightmare knowledges produce counterarchives that mobilize traditionally ignored epistemic categories.

Nightmare Remains forges a new dialogue between post-Foucauldian political theory and decolonial thought and brings a fresh critical perspective to the theoretical discourse of enforced disappearances.

Jonas Oßwald, Deleuze und Foucault. Ein Dialog, Campus, 2024

Über das Buch
Gilles Deleuze und Michel Foucault verband eine »philosophische Freundschaft«, so der Tenor. Doch trotz zahlreicher gegenseitiger Bezugnahmen, lobender Rezensionen und füreinander verfasster Vorworte gibt es bisher kaum Arbeiten, die sich mit dem philosophischen Gehalt dieser Beziehung befassen. Jonas Oßwald zeigt erstmals die grundlegende und durchgehende dialogische Verflechtung der Philosophien Deleuze’ und Foucaults, von den frühen transzendentalphilosophischen Überlegungen bis hin zur Frage der Macht, in der sich die Konturen von zwei komplex miteinander verwobenen Machtphilosophien abzeichnen, die sich trotz aller Differenzen und Spannungen letztlich in einem heterogenen Produktionsbegriff der Macht treffen.

Summary in English:
There is a general consensus that Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault were connected by a “philosophical friendship.” Nevertheless, despite numerous references, laudatory reviews, and forewords written for each other, there are few works that address the philosophical content of this relationship. In this study, Jonas Oßwald presents a comprehensive analysis of the intertwined and continuous dialogical relationship between Deleuze’s and Foucault’s philosophies. From their early transcendental-philosophical explorations to the problem of power, the study illuminates the intricate interweaving of two distinct yet interconnected philosophies, which, despite all their inherent differences and tensions, ultimately converge in a heterogeneous concept of productive power.

Aleksandar Sasha Dundjerovic & María José Martínez Sánchez, Placeness and the Performative Production of Space, Bloomsbury, 2024 (forthcoming)

Description
How can performance create and transform places of urban renewal and regeneration? What does performance contribute to the creation of community? These are some of the questions addressed in this study of the relationship of performance to urban space.

Marrying theory with a series of international case studies of performance practice and interviews with practitioners, this interdisciplinary study examines how space is performatively produced to create a sense of ‘placeness’.

Offering multiple perspectives on space and place, this book investigates the connections between space and the construction of social and cultural narratives. It focuses on the multiple ways performative actions produce space, including theatre, installations, site-specific work, visual arts and digital performance.

Combining interdisciplinary approaches to contemporary performance, architecture and digital media studies, this study builds on a clear theoretical framework that draws on the work of Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault, Henri Lefevre, Richard Schechner, Hans-Thies Lehmann, Lev Manovich and Slavoj Žižek. It offers themed sections comprising theory, studies of practice and interviews with practitioners. Case studies include site-specific work by Catalan collective La Fura Dels Baus, Barcelona, Spain, the Prague Quadrennial, community engagement in Praça Roosevelt in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Portland Inn Project in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, Campo de la Cebada in Madrid, Spain, and digital spaces created by artists in India and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Gürsoy, Ö.
Historical A Priori as Form of Life: The Rationality of Social Practices in Foucault’s Archaeology in terms of Wittgensteinian Criteria (2024) Journal of the Philosophy of History

DOI: 10.1163/18722636-12341532

Abstract
The concept of rule permeates Foucault’s methodological formulations concerning the object of his investigation, but he offers few explicit discussions of the epistemological status of such rules. My claim is that the explication of Foucauldian rules in terms of Wittgensteinian criteria clarifies their epistemological status, and thereby enables one to formulate a novel conception of the historical a priori, one that is defensible against recurrent objections which charge that Foucault’s theoretical reflections confuse concepts that are distinct. Foucault and Wittgenstein are best seen as articulating a sense of intelligibility in which forms are integral to content and meaning is not abstracted from social practices. ‘Form of life’ increases the conceptual cogency of ‘historical a priori,’ whereas the latter delineates what it would be like to take the former’s historicity seriously. © 2024 Özgür Gürsoy.

Author Keywords
form of life; Foucault; historical a priori; justification; Wittgenstein

Malcolm Voyce, Foucault and Family Relations. Governing from a Distance in Australia, Lexington Books, 2019

Foucault and Family Relations: Governing from a Distance in Australia analyzes how notions of property ownership were instrumental in maintaining family stability and continuity in rural Australia, outlining how inheritance and divorce laws functioned to govern the internal relationships of families to assist the state to ‘rule from a distance’. Using a selection of Foucault’s ideas on the “family”, sexuality, race, space and economics this books shows how “property” operated as a disciplinary device, which was underpinned by “technical ideas”, such as surveying and cartography. This book uses legal judgments as a form of ethnography to show how property, as a socio-technical device, allowed a degree of local freedom for owners. This aspect of property allowed the state to stimulate ideas of local freedom to assist in “ruling from a distance,” demonstrating how the rural family as a domestic unit became a key field of intervention for the state as the family represented a bridge to larger relationships of power.