Foucault News

News and resources on French thinker Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

Luca Paltrinieri, « « Nombre des hommes » et « populatio » à la fin de la Renaissance : notes sur la généalogie des savoirs démographiques », Astérion [En ligne], 31 | 2024, mis en ligne le 30 janvier 2025.

URL : http://journals.openedition.org/asterion/11452 ;
DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/138qv

Open access

Résumé
Dans un passage de ses cours au Collège de France, Foucault affirme que, avant le XVIIIe siècle, la « population » est un objet « présent-absent » dans les théories et les pratiques de gouvernement. Nous avons essayé de reconstruire l’histoire généalogique des savoirs proto-démographiques du gouvernement chez trois grands théoriciens politiques de la Renaissance : Nicolas Machiavel, Jean Bodin, Giovanni Botero, à partir de cette affirmation énigmatique. Si la problématique de savoir comment avoir une population nombreuse et florissante est bien présente chez les trois penseurs, le vrai obstacle à la naissance d’une conception moderne de la population est représenté par l’impossibilité d’agir directement sur la reproduction humaine, domaine qui relève directement de la volonté divine.

Émerge alors, notamment chez Botero, la possibilité d’une politique « incitative », favorisant les mariages et l’éducation des enfants, qui annonce le populationnisme des mercantilistes. L’exemple de la « population » « présente-absente », à travers l’hypothèse foucaldienne, permet de revenir plus largement sur les objets de l’histoire des sciences qui ne sont ni « découverts » ni inventés de toutes pièces ; il faudrait plutôt affirmer que ce sont des objets « en train de se faire », qui acquièrent une réalité graduelle à travers le débat politique et savant.

‘Number of people’ and ‘populatio’ in the late Renaissance: some remarks on the genealogy of demographic knowledge

Abstract
In one of his lectures at the Collège de France, Foucault observed that, prior to the eighteenth century, ‘population’ was a ‘present-absent’ object in the theories and practices of government. In this paper, I have attempted to reconstruct the genealogical history of proto-demographic thought as reflected in the works of three major Renaissance political theorists: Niccolò Machiavelli, Jean Bodin, and Giovanni Botero. While all three thinkers address the question of how to cultivate a large and flourishing population, the primary obstacle to the emergence of a modern conception of population lies in the inability to influence human reproduction directly, an area traditionally regarded as subject to divine will.

Botero, however, introduced the possibility of an ‘incentive’ policy, promoting marriage and child-rearing, which foreshadowed the natalist policies later advocated by Mercantilists. The case of ‘population’ and its peculiar ‘presence-absence’ in Renaissance political theories, as interpreted through Foucault’s hypothesis, sheds light on the broader history of scientific objects —objects that are neither ‘discovered’ nor ‘invented’, but rather acquire their reality gradually over centuries through political and scholarly debate.

Grenier, J.-Y.
Michel Foucault and Money (2024) In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Money: Volume 2: Modern Thought, Ed. Joseph J. Tinguely, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 701-720.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-54140-7_35
Abstract
Michel Foucault broached the question of political economy on many occasions without ever offering a comprehensive study of it in its own right. Money in particular holds a special place in his thinking, even if it too is not considered as a separate theme. Rather money is treated as a component within broader systems whose scope goes beyond political economy alone. Money is part of the elaboration of what Foucault calls knowledge, a notion that is essential in his work. As it relates to money, knowledge takes two forms. The first form is the representation that contemporaries have of money and its inclusion in a more general system of knowledge. This is the approach taken in The Order of Things, a vast reflection on the constitution of knowledge between the Renaissance and the nineteenth century, and a linking of the domains of life science, law, and political economics to the philosophical discourse of their time. The second form is the elaboration of a social and political knowledge produced by the introduction of money and its uses within the societies of antiquity (e.g., the ability to measure value). This is the approach he pursued in the lectures he gave at the Collège de France in 1970-1971.

Author Keywords
Episteme; Exchange; Knowledge; Labor; Measure; Political economy; Representation; Sign; Truth

Clare O’Farrell, Foucault, Radio Interview 1: The phenomenon of madness, Refracted Input blog, 18 February 2025

Citation from Michel Foucault, Histoire de la folie a l’âge classique. Entretien de Michel Foucault avec Nicole Brice. Diffusion le 31 mai 1961 sur France III National. In Michel Foucault, Entretiens radiophoniques, 1961-1983, Flammarion / VRIN / INA, 2024, pp. 13-16.

“It seemed to me that madness was a somewhat variable phenomenon in civilisation, It fluctuated just as much as any other cultural phenomenon. Basically, when reading American books about how some primitive civilisations reacted to the phenomenon of madness, I wondered whether it might be interesting to look at the way in which our own culture reacted to this phenomenon. […] There are civilisations which celebrated the mad, others that kept them separate, others that cared for them. But what I really wanted to emphasise was that caring for the mad was not the only possible reaction to the phenomenon of madness.” (p. 13)

See commentary on Refracted Input blog

Nainani, D.
The spatio-legality of corporate sovereignty in AppleTV+‘s Severance
(2025) Science Fiction as Legal Imaginary. Edited By Alex Green, Mitchell Travis, Kieran Tranter, Routledge, pp. 293-314.

DOI: 10.4324/9781003412274-17

Abstract
In the Apple TV+ drama Severance, both the corporate and the human body are reimagined in terms of its legal personhood and identity. Using a critical legal geography approach, this chapter studies both Lumon Industries (the corporation depicted in the show) and the real-life ‘everything store’ of Amazon to explore how corporate sovereignty is spatio-legally imagined and portrayed in fiction and in reality. It does so by ‘reading’ the show alongside numerous legal challenges initiated by Amazon warehouse workers against Michel Foucault’s work on power and Hans Lindahl’s theory on the legal ordering of space. The chapter therefore traces the spatio-legal aspects of how power is exercised by both fictional (Lumon Industries) and real (Amazon) modern corporate sovereigns in three ways: (1) how they render employee bodies as disposable while tethering them to the corporate bodily assemblage; (2) how they use corporate goods as objects to regulate employee behaviour; and (3) how they use corporate property to govern the spatial practices of employees. It then looks at how the formation of a corporate code that enables these forms of power is made possible through the creation of a corporate legal order, and how Lumon imagines a world where such an order cannot be challenged.

materiali foucaultiani
volume XI, numero 21-22 (gennaio-dicembre 2022) Published January 2025

SOMMARIO
L’impulsion Nietzsche.
sous la direction de Michèle Cohen-Halimi et Orazio Irrera

Introduction. « L’impulsion Nietzsche » chez Michel Foucault (pp. 5-10)
Michèle Cohen-Halimi et Orazio Irrera

Repenser l’espace, pluraliser le temps. La pensée de Nietzsche entre Foucault et l’École des Annales (pp. 11-46)
Gabriel Pochapski

Aux sources d’une mésentente. Michel Foucault entre la « méthode Nietzsche » et les géographies françaises (pp. 47-73)
Alessandro Falconieri

La généalogie et les animaux. Une lecture croisée des pensées de Nietzsche et Foucault (pp. 75-109)
Josué Imanol Lopez Barrios

« Übung, Übung, Übung ! ». Ἄσκησις et idéaux ascétiques chez Nietzsche : réponse à une critique de Foucault (pp. 111-144)
Gennaro Boccolino

Les ruses de l’intelligence et le partage philosophie-rhétorique chez Foucault et Nietzsche (pp. 145-198)
Camila Ginés

Un nietzschianesimo senza riserve. La volontà di potenza nel dispositivo del potere pastorale (pp. 199-224)
Roberto Nigro

Saggi

Variations foucaldiennes sur le thème du travail, entre assujettissement et subjectivation (pp. 227-244)
Tiziana Faitini

Foucault et le projet d’une « Histoire de l’amitié ». Enjeux, problèmes, ruines (pp. 245-265)
Lorenzo Petrachi

Vies queer. De la théâtralité cynique à la théâtralité queer (pp. 267-284)
Antoine Alario

Gabriel Pochapski, Repenser l’espace, pluraliser le temps.
La pensée de Nietzsche entre Foucault et l’École des Annales
materiali foucaultiani, a. XI, n. 21-22, gennaio-dicembre 2022, pp. 11-46. Issue released in January 2025.

Abstract
Rethinking space, pluralizing time. Nietzsche’s Thought Between Foucault and the École des Annales This article aims to examine the uses of Nietzsche’s thought by Foucault and the École des Annales, exploring the effects of the former’s philosophy on how the latter rethought history spatially. On the one hand, it seeks to analyze the reception of Nietzschean ideas within the works of Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre, and Fernand Braudel, insofar as these authors inaugurated a new approach to space in French historiography. On the other hand, the article aims to contextualize the relationships established by Foucault with Les Annales, referencing his reading notes from the 1950s deposited at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) and his texts from the 1970s, which propose a history of spaces as a history of powers. Nietzsche’s philosophy will thus be employed as a framework for reflecting on the spatio-temporal perspectives developed by these thinkers.

Keywords:
École des Annales, Historiography, Historical time, Nietzsche, Space

Résumé
Repenser l’espace, pluraliser le temps. La pensée de Nietzsche entre Foucault et l’École des Annales Cet article s’intéresse aux usages de la pensée de Nietzsche par Foucault et par l’École des Annales, en examinant les effets de la philosophie nietzschéenne sur les façons dont Foucault a repensé spatialement l’histoire. D’une part, il s’agit de discuter la réception des idées nietzschéennes au sein des travaux de Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre et Fernand Braudel, dans la mesure où ils inaugurèrent une nouvelle approche de l’espace dans l’historiographie française. D’autre part, l’article cherche à contextualiser les relations établies par Foucault avec les Annales en prenant appui sur ses notes de lecture des années 1950 déposées à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BnF) et sur ses textes des années 1970, qui proposent une histoire des espaces en tant qu’histoire des pouvoirs. Nous nous servirons ainsi de la philosophie de Nietzsche comme une grille d’analyse afin de réfléchir sur les perspectives spatio-temporelles développées par tous ces penseurs.

Mots clés :
École des Annales, Espace, Historiographie, Nietzsche, Temps historique

Geller, P.L.
In Small Plastic Things Forgotten: The Contradictions and Consequences of Biopower
(2025) In The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Plastics Edited By Genevieve Godin, Þóra Pétursdóttir, Estelle Praet, John Schofield, Routledge, pp. 152-166.

DOI: 10.4324/9781003272311-10

Abstract
This chapter explores the contradictions raised by and consequences of small plastic things forgotten that were born from scientific innovation, entrepreneurial incentive, and concern for public health. Here, I consider a few in depth (e.g. condom, surgical mask). To frame my discussion, I draw on ideas about biopower. I am less interested in thinking about a disciplinary anatomo-politics of the human body and more concerned with regulatory techniques that impact species bodies, to paraphrase Michel Foucault. Biopowered plastic things evoke contradictory responses – compliance and resistance – especially in times of public health crises. Lost in all of the political vacillating, however, is a discussion of deep-time consequences. That is, despite their intended disposability and beneficence, the mobility, degradation, and toxicity of biopowered plastic hyperobjects, a concept gifted by Timothy Morton, will exert long-term control over humans, non-humans, and ecosystems. For this reason, they require us to expand what exactly the bio in biopower encompasses. They also attest to biocultural entanglements, which will result in unanticipated outcomes. Plastics relates information about plasticity, of species and the planet. For Homo sapiens, whether adaptability (a new biological and ontological normal), a compromised condition (a pathological reaction), or both, only future archaeology will tell.

Butchart, G.C.
Poststructuralism: A Philosophy of Difference,
(2025) In The Handbook of Communication Ethics. Edited By Amit Pinchevski, Patrice M. Buzzanell, Jason Hannan, Second Edition, Routledge, pp. 93-107.

DOI: 10.4324/9781003274506-9

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of poststructuralism as relevant to media and communication ethics. Research informed by poststructuralist thinking typically emphasizes alterity over identity, plurality over singularity, reception and interpretation over authorship and transmission, as well as conflict and disagreement as productive conditions of community. The chapter focuses on “difference” as the main conceptual point at which several strands of this tradition converge. It asks: What is a philosophy of difference? How does difference work to construct identity and produce meaning? How do structuralist and psychoanalytic approaches to difference, language, and subjectivity relate to and differ from poststructuralist and hermeneutic conceptions of discourse and otherness? The chapter rehearses how difference is theorized by Levinas, Saussure, Lacan, Derrida, Foucault, Butler, Deleuze, Laclau, Mouffe, and others, offering a guide to the analytical style of poststructuralism that underpins communication and media ethics.

Liz Teston (ed), Public Interiority Exploring Interiors in the Public Realm, Routledge, 2024

Public Interiority reconsiders the limits of the interior and its perceived spaces, exploring the notion that interior conditions can exist within an exterior environment, and therefore challenging the very foundations of the interior architecture field.

Public Interiority contains eight chapters and 16 visual essays that document the historical, material, and social conditions in contemporary cities, reconsidering the limits of the interior, resiliency in design, spatial perception, and territories within curated urban exteriors. Topics include the supergraphics of Black Lives Matter protests, privacy and US Supreme Court landmark cases, Instagram as a quasi-public interior, domestic simulation in Victorian curative environments, the micro-urban commons of public transit, and the timely study uncovering Jean-Michel Wilmotte’s approach to “urban interior designing,” among many others.

Including scholarly and visual essays by experts from a range of disciplines, including architecture, interior architecture, landscape architecture, exhibition design, craft and the visual arts, and design history and theory, this volume will be a helpful resource for all those upper-level students and scholars working in these related fields.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.