Zaidi, Z., Bush, A.A., Partman, I.M. et al. From the “top-down” and the “bottom-up”: Centering Foucault’s notion of biopower and individual accountability within systemic racism. Perspectives on Medical Education (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-021-00655-y Open access First paragraph In the wake of worldwide events coalescing in 2020, the presence of anti-Black racism in the United States was made …